1936 Winter Olympics

1936 Winter Olympics
Tournament details
Host nation	Germany
Dates	19–27 January
Teams	15
Venue(s)	Große Olympiaschanze, Riessersee (in 1 host city)
Champions	Great Britain (1 title)
Tournament statistics
Games played	37
Goals scored	165  (4.46 per game)
Scoring leader(s)	Hugh Farquharson 10 goals.

Teiji Honma of Japan was the first goaltender to wear a mask at the Olympic games

At the 1936 Winter Olympics, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, the ice hockey competition would also count as that year's Ice Hockey World Championships and Ice Hockey European Championships.

The British National Team pulled off a major upset when they won the gold medal, marking a number of firsts in international ice hockey competition. Great Britain made history as the first team ever to win the Olympic, World, and European Championships and the first to win all three in the same year. They were the first team to stop Canada from winning the Olympic ice hockey gold, following Canada's four consecutive gold medals. Great Britain also became the first European nation to win the World Championships, following eight wins by Canada and one by the United States.

Tournament summary

In previous Olympics, the British team had finished third (1924), and fourth (1928) but with teams that were, "largely composed of Canadian Army officers and university graduates living in the U.K." It was decided that their team must be British-born this time, and while only one player on the team was born in Canada, nine of the thirteen players on the roster grew up in Canada, and eleven had played previously in Canada. The CAHA, upon discovering that the rosters of the British and French teams were made up of primarily Canadians, whom they believed were ineligible, lodged a protest, and suspended the players in question. As a result, the IIHF voted unanimously to ban Alex Archer and James Foster, however before tournament play began, Canada withdrew their protest. Still unhappy with the state of affairs were the Americans, who believed the rules were not being followed, and the French who were very angry that Canada did not repeal their protest with them.

The tournament itself featured very close play for the medals. It was played in three rounds beginning with four groups, where the two best teams of each group moved on to two groups of four, where again the two best moved on to a final round robin group of four, to determine the medals. In the first round the Italians pulled off a major upset by beating the USA two to one, though USA would still advance to the second round.

The second major upset occurred in the semi-finals, when Britain's Edgar Brenchley scored late in the third to defeat Canada two to one, setting up the eventual gold medal outcome. The format at these Olympics was to have head-to-head results from the semi-finals carried forward, so that the finals could be a four team round robin with only two additional games per team. The British team's shock victory over the Canadians, plus the win by USA over Czechoslovakia, both counted in the tables for the final round. In the final round, the British team beat Czechoslovakia. then played six scoreless periods against USA before the game was called a tie, ensuring a silver or gold for the British. In the tournament's final game, Canada could win silver, and Britain gold, if Canada defeated USA, while the Americans could still achieve gold in a variety of tie-breaking scenarios. The Americans were very tired from the marathon scoreless tie, and lost one to nothing.

Another story of this Olympic hockey tournament was the participation of Rudi Ball. The Nazi leadership allowed this top player to lead their hockey team at these German hosted Olympics, making him the only Jew to represent Germany at these Olympic games.

Medalists

Gold	Silver	Bronze
Great Britain Carl Erhardt (Captain) James Foster Gordon Dailley Archibald Stinchcombe Edgar Brenchley John Coward James Chappell Alexander Archer Gerry Davey James Borland Bob Wyman Jack Kilpatrick Arthur Child	Canada Francis Moore Arthur Nash Herman Murray Walter Kitchen Raymond Milton David Neville Kenneth Farmer Hugh Farquharson Maxwell Deacon Alexander Sinclair Bill Thomson James Haggarty Ralph St. Germain	United States Thomas Moone Francis Shaughnessy Philip LaBatte Frank Stubbs John Garrison Paul Rowe John Lax Gordon Smith Elbridge Ross Francis Spain August Kammer

First round

Top two teams in each group advanced to Second Round

Game at the Olympic Stadium

Group A

	Pld	W	T	L	GF	GA	Pts
Canada	3	3	0	0	24	3	6
Austria	3	2	0	1	11	7	4
Poland	3	1	0	2	11	12	2
Latvia	3	0	0	3	3	27	0

6 February	Canada	8-1 (5-0,2-1,1-0)	Poland
7 February	Canada	11-0 (2-0,3-0,6-0)	Latvia
7 February	Austria	2-1 (0-0,0-0,2-1)	Poland
8 February	Canada	5-2 (4-0,1-2,0-0)	Austria
8 February	Poland	9-2 (1-0,4-0,4-2)	Latvia
9 February	Austria	7-1 (4-0,0-0,3-1)	Latvia

Group B

	Pld	W	T	L	GF	GA	Pts
Germany	3	2	0	1	5	1	4
United States	3	2	0	1	5	2	4
Italy	3	1	0	2	2	5	2
Switzerland	3	1	0	2	1	5	2

6 February	Germany	0-1 (0-1,0-0,0-0)	United States
7 February	United States	3-0 (0-0,3-0,0-0)	Switzerland
7 February	Germany	3-0 (1-0,1-0,1-0)	Italy
8 February	Germany	2-0 (0-0,1-0,1-0)	Switzerland
8 February	United States	1-2 (0-0,0-0,1-1,0-0,0-1)	Italy
9 February	Switzerland	1-0 (0-0,1-0,0-0)	Italy

Group C

	Pld	W	T	L	GF	GA	Pts
Czechoslovakia	3	3	0	0	10	0	6
Hungary	3	2	0	1	14	5	4
France	3	1	0	2	4	7	2
Belgium	3	0	0	3	4	20	0

6 February	Hungary	11-2 (1-1,2-0,8-1)	Belgium
7 February	Czechoslovakia	5-0 (0-0,4-0,1-0)	Belgium
7 February	Hungary	3-0 (0-0,1-0,2-0)	France
8 February	Czechoslovakia	3-0 (1-0,1-0,1-0)	Hungary
8 February	France	4-2 (1-0,0-1,0-0,1-1,2-0)	Belgium
9 February	Czechoslovakia	2-0 (0-0,1-0,1-0)	France

Group D

	Pld	W	T	L	GF	GA	Pts
Great Britain	2	2	0	0	4	0	4
Sweden	2	1	0	1	2	1	2
Japan	2	0	0	2	0	5	0

6 February	Great Britain	1-0 (1-0,0-0,0-0)	Sweden
7 February	Great Britain	3-0 (2-0,0-0,1-0)	Japan
8 February	Sweden	2-0 (1-0,1-0,0-0)	Japan

Second round

Top two teams in each group advanced to Final Round.

Group A

	Pld	W	T	L	GF	GA	Pts
Great Britain	3	2	1	0	8	3	5
Canada	3	2	0	1	22	4	4
Germany	3	1	1	1	5	8	3
Hungary	3	0	0	3	2	22	0

11 February	Germany	2-1 (0-0,1-0,1-1)	Hungary
11 February	Great Britain	2-1 (1-1,0-0,1-0)	Canada
12 February	Germany	1-1 (0-0,0-1,1-0,0-0)	Great Britain
12 February	Canada	15-0 (3-0,9-0,3-0)	Hungary
13 February	Great Britain	5-1 (1-0,3-1,1-0)	Hungary
13 February	Germany	2-6 (0-1,0-3,2-2)	Canada

Group B

	Pld	W	T	L	GF	GA	Pts
United States	3	3	0	0	5	1	6
Czechoslovakia	3	2	0	1	6	4	4
Sweden	3	1	0	2	3	6	2
Austria	3	0	0	3	1	4	0

11 February	United States	2-0 (0-0,2-0,0-0)	Czechoslovakia
11 February	Sweden	1-0 (1-0,0-0,0-0)	Austria
12 February	United States	1-0 (0-0,1-0,0-0)	Austria
12 February	Czechoslovakia	4-1 (0-1,2-0,2-0)	Sweden
13 February	United States	2-1 (0-0,1-1,1-0)	Sweden
13 February	Czechoslovakia	2-1 (0-0,2-1,0-0)	Austria

Final round

	Pld	W	T	L	GF	GA	Pts
Great Britain	3	2	1	0	7	1	5
Canada	3	2	0	1	9	2	4
United States	3	1	1	1	2	1	3
Czechoslovakia	3	0	0	3	0	14	0

11 February	Great Britain	2-1 (1-1, 0-0, 1-0)	Canada
11 February	United States	2-0 (0-0, 2-0, 0-0)	Czechoslovakia
14 February	Great Britain	5-0 (2-0,3-0,0-0)	Czechoslovakia
15 February	Canada	7-0 (3-0,3-0,1-0)	Czechoslovakia
15 February	Great Britain	0-0 (0-0,0-0,0-0,0-0,0-0,0-0)	United States
16 February	Canada	1-0 (1-0,0-0,0-0)	United States

N.B. - Tournament rules stated that relevant results from the semi-final round would be carried over to the final round. After the semi-final round, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association and the German organizers appealed against this rule and asked that in the final stage all four teams should play each other with the semi-final results ignored. This appeal was overwhelmingly rejected by the Olympic authorities. Thus, the 11 February games of Canada vs. Great Britain and the United States vs. Czechoslovakia were counted as games in the final round, hence their replication in both tables.

Final ranking

	Great Britain
	Canada
	United States
4	Czechoslovakia
5	Germany
5	Sweden
7	Austria
7	Hungary
9	Italy
9	France
9	Japan
9	Poland
13	Belgium
13	Latvia
13	Switzerland

European Championship medal table

	Great Britain
	Czechoslovakia
	Germany
	Sweden
5	Austria
5	Hungary
7	France
7	Italy
7	Poland
10	Belgium
10	Latvia
10	Switzerland

Top scorer

Team	GP	G	A	Pts
Hugh Farquharson	8	10	–	10

There is some disagreement as to the totals of Farquharson, both the IOC and IIHF maintain that he scored ten goals. Assist totals were not officially tabulated at the time, and sources indicate anywhere from five to ten.

Team rosters

See section on Medalists for the rosters of the top three teams.

Place	Team	Player
4	Czechoslovakia	Josef Bohac, Lolek Cetkovsky, Karel Hromadka, Drahos Jirotka, Zdenek Jirotka, Jan Kosek, Olda Kucera, Josef Maleček, Jan Peka, Jaroslav Pusbauer, Jiri Tozicka, Ladislav Trojak, Walter Ulrich
5	Germany	Wilhelm Egginger, Joachim von Bethmann-Hollweg, Gustav Jaenecke, Philipp Schenk, Rudi Ball, Karl Kögel, Toni Wiedemann, Herbert Schibukat, Alois Kuhn, Werner George, Georg Strobl, Paul Trautmann
6	Sweden	Herman Carlson, Sven Bergqvist, Bertil Lundell, Holger Engberg, Torsten Johncke, Yngve Liljeberg, Bertil Norberg, Wilhelm Petersén, Ake Ericson, Stig-Emanuel Andersson, Lennart Hellman, Vilhelm Larsson-Lagheim, Ruben Carlsson
7	Austria	Hermann Weiss, Hans Trauttenberg, Rudolf Vojta, Oskar Nowak, Fritz Demmer, Franz Csöngei, Hans Tatzer, Willibald Stanek, Lambert Neumaier, Franz Schüßler, Emil Seidler, Sepp Göbl
8	Hungary	Ferenc Monostori, Istvan Hircsak, Miklos Barcza, Matyas Farkas, Andras Gergely, Laszlo Gergely, Bela Haray, Frigyes Helmeczi, Zoltan Jeney, Sandor Miklos, Sandor Minder, Laszlo Rona, Ferenc Szamosi
9	Poland	Jozef Stogowski, Henryk Przezdziecki, Mieczyslaw Kasprzycki, Adam Kowalski, Wladyslaw Krol, Wladyslaw Lemiszko, Witalis Ludwiczak, Czeslaw Marchewczyk, Kazimierz Sokolowski, Roman Stupnicki, Andrzej Wolkowski, Edward Zielinski
10	France	Michel Paccard, Jacques Morisson, Philippe Boyard, Pierre Claret, Marcel Couttet, Michel Delesalle, Jean-Pierre Hagnauer, Albert Hassler, Jacques Lacarriere, Pierre Lorin, Guy Volpert
11	Italy	Augusto Gerosa, Franco Rossi, Gianmario Baroni, Decio Trovati, Camillo Mussi, Gianni Scotti, Ignazio Dionisi, Mario Zucchini, Mario Maiocchi, Luigi Zucchini
12	Japan	Teiji Honma, Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto, Kenichi Furuya, Nobuo Hara, Masahiro Hayama, Susumo Hirano, Tatsuo Ichikawa, Shinkichi Kamei, Kozue Kinoshita, Mastatsu Kitizawa, Torao Nihei, Toshihiko Shoji, Nobuo Sudo
13	Switzerland	Albert Kunzler, Arnold Hirtz, Pic Cattini, Hans Cattini, Otto Heller, Ernst Hug, Herbert Kessler, Charly Kessler, Adolf Martignoni, Thomas Pleisch, Oscar Schmidt, Bibi Torriani
14	Belgium	Robert Baudinne, Georges Brohee, Walter Bastenie, Roger Bureau, Fernand Carrez, Jean De Beukelaer, Louis De Ridder, Willy Kreitz, Jef Lekens, Henry Matthysen, Georges Pootmans, Carlos Van den Driessche, Pierre Van Reysschoot
15	Latvia	Herberts Kuskis, Roberts Lapainis, Aleksejs Auzins, Janis Bebris, Roberts Blukis, Arvids Jurgens, Karlis Paegle, Arvids Petersons, Adolfs Petrovskis, Janis Rozitis, Leonids Vedejs

Images

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  Great Britain

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  Canada

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  United States

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  Germany

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  Sweden and Great Britain battle on the ice.

References

• "International Hockey" by Dennis Gibbons
• Jeux Olympiques 1936
• Duplacey, James (1998). Total Hockey: The official encyclopedia of the National Hockey League. Total Sports, 459–61, 501, 510. ISBN 0-8362-7114-9. 
• Podnieks, Andrew (2010). IIHF Media Guide & Record Book 2011. Moydart Press, 27, 105–6. 
• Wallechinsky, David (1988). The Complete Book of the Olympics. Penguin Books, 609. ISBN 0-14-01-0771-1. 

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