List of members of the International Ice Hockey Federation

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The current members of the IIHF. (Red indicates full members, blue indicates associate members, green indicates affiliate members and black indicates suspended members).

The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the worldwide governing body for ice hockey and in-line hockey. It is based in Zurich, Switzerland, and maintains the international ice hockey rulebook, processes international player transfers, dictates officiating guidelines and is responsible for the management of international ice hockey tournaments. The IIHF was created on May 15, 1908, under the name (in French) Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LHG).[1] Belgium, France, Great Britain, Switzerland and Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) were the founding members. The IIHF was composed entirely of European teams until 1920, when Canada and the United States joined.

As of 2024, the IIHF has 83 members.[2] Puerto Rico is the newest member, joining on 29 September 2022.[3]

There are three levels of membership in the IIHF. The highest level, IIHF Full Members, are nations that have their own independent ice hockey association and regularly participate in IIHF-sanctioned World Championships. The second level, IIHF Associate Members, either do not have their own independent ice hockey association or have one, but do not yet meet IIHF standards for World Championships participation. The third level, IIHF Affiliate Members, is for nations that only participate in the now-defunct Inline Hockey World Championships. The federation has 60 full members, (including two suspended members), 22 associate members and one affiliate member. Full Members can vote in IIHF Congresses, while Associate and Affiliate Members cannot.[4]

In 2023, 55 IIHF members participated in the Men's World Championships and 38 participated in the Women's World Championships.

Members

IIHF World Ranking information is accurate as of the 2014 Winter Olympics.
In the Teams column
Text in boldface indicates that that team participated in its corresponding event in 2012.
M Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
M-U20 World Under-20 Championships
M-U18 World Under-18 Championships
W World Women Championships
W-U18 World Women's Under-18 Championships
inline InLine Hockey World Championship

IIHF Full Members

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Men's
Ranking 		Women's
Ranking 		Ref.
 Australia February 11, 1938 Ice Hockey Australia Don Rurak M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 34 27 [5]
 Austria[A] March 18, 1912 Austrian Ice Hockey Association Dieter Kalt M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 16 13 [6]
 Azerbaijan May 6, 1992 Ice Hockey Federation of the Republic of Azerbaijan Vagif D. Mussayev M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [7]
 Belgium December 8, 1908 Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation Pascal Nuchelmans M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 36 31 [8]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina May 8, 2001 Bosnia and Herzegovina Ice Hockey Federation Haris Muhic M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [9]
 Bulgaria July 25, 1960 Bulgarian Ice Hockey Federation Krasimir Krastev M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 39 34 [10]
 Canada April 26, 1920 Hockey Canada Bob Nicholson M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 1 1 [11]
 China July 25, 1963 Chinese Ice Hockey Association Wang Yitao M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 38 14 [12]
 Chinese Taipei September 1, 1983 Chinese Taipei Ice Hockey Federation Pai Wen-Jun M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [13]
 Croatia May 6, 1992 Croatian Ice Hockey Federation Nikola Švigir M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 30 25 [14]
 Czech Republic November 15, 1908[B] Czech Ice Hockey Association Tomáš Král M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 5 8 [15]
 Denmark April 27, 1946 Danmarks Ishockey Union Henrik Bach Nielsen M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 13 12 [16]
 Estonia February 17, 1935[D] Estonian Ice Hockey Association Priit Vilba M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 28 — [17]
 Finland February 10, 1928 Finnish Ice Hockey Association Kalervo Kummola M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 2 4 [18]
 France October 20, 1908 French Ice Hockey Federation Luc Tardif M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 12 16 [19]
 Georgia May 8, 2009 Georgian Ice Hockey Federation Nugzar Paikidze M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 48 — [20]
 Germany[C] September 19, 1909 German Ice Hockey Federation Uwe Harnos M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 11 7 [21]
 Great Britain November 19, 1908 Ice Hockey UK Eamon Convery M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 20 19 [22]
 Hong Kong April 30, 1983 Hong Kong Ice Hockey Association Siu Yin Yip M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [23]
 Hungary January 24, 1927 Hungarian Ice Hockey Federation Ferenc Studniczky M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 19 21 [24]
 Iceland May 6, 1992 Ice Hockey Iceland Vidar Gardarsson M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 35 30 [25]
 India April 27, 1989 Ice Hockey Association of India K. L. Kumar M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [25]
 Iran September 26, 2019 Islamic Republic of Iran Skating Federation Bahman Mohammad Rezaei M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [26]
 Ireland September 26, 1996 Irish Ice Hockey Association William Fay M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 42 35 [27]
 Israel May 1, 1991 Ice Hockey Federation of Israel Sergei Matin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 33 — [28]
 Italy January 24, 1924 Federation of Italian Ice Sports Giancarlo Bolognini M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 18 20 [29]
 Japan[E] January 26, 1930 Japan Ice Hockey Federation Kenichi Chizuka M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 22 9 [30]
 Kazakhstan May 6, 1992 Kazakhstan Ice Hockey Federation Askar Mamin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 17 15 [31]
 Kuwait May 8, 2009 Kuwait Ice Hockey Association Faheed Hamas Al-Ajmi M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 50 — [32]
 Kyrgyzstan May 14, 2011 Ice Hockey Federation of the Kyrgyz Republic Anvar Omorkanov M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 49 — [33]
 North Korea August 8, 1963 Ice Hockey Association of the DPR Korea Pak Song-Nam M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 45 29 [34]
 South Korea July 25, 1960 Korea Ice Hockey Association Park Kap-Chul M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 23 24 [35]
 Latvia February 22, 1931[D] Latvian Ice Hockey Federation Kirovs Lipmans M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 10 17 [36]
 Lithuania February 19, 1938[D] Lithuanian Ice Hockey Federation Petras Nauseda M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 26 — [37]
 Luxembourg March 23, 1912 Luxembourg Ice Hockey Federation Rene Ludovicy M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 43 — [38]
 Malaysia September 28, 2006 Malaysia Ice Hockey Federation Dato Lee Hwa Beng M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [39]
 Mexico April 30, 1985 Mexico Ice Hockey Federation Joaquin de la Garma M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 32 — [40]
 Mongolia May 15, 1999 Mongolian Ice Hockey Federation Sumiya Ganjargal M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 46 — [41]
 Netherlands January 20, 1935 Ice Hockey Association of The Netherlands Joop Vullers M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 24 18 [42]
 New Zealand May 2, 1977 New Zealand Ice Hockey Federation Grant Hay M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 37 28 [43]
 Norway January 20, 1935 Norwegian Ice Hockey Association Ole-Jacob Libæk M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 9 11 [44]
Flag of the Philippines.svg.png Philippines May 20, 2016 Federation of Hockey League in the Philippines Christopher G. Sy M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [45]
 Poland January 11, 1926 Polish Ice Hockey Federation Zdzislaw Ingielewicz M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 25 23 [46]
 Romania January 24, 1924 Romanian Ice Hockey Federation Barna Tanczos M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 27 36 [47]
 Serbia January 1, 1939[G] Serbian Ice Hockey Association Nastas Andric M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 31 — [48]
 Singapore May 2, 1996 Singapore Ice Hockey Association James Kodrowski M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [49]
 Slovakia February 2, 1993 Slovak Ice Hockey Federation Juraj Siroky M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 8 10 [50]
 Slovenia May 6, 1992 Ice Hockey Federation of Slovenia Matjaž Rakovec M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 14 22 [51]
 South Africa February 25, 1937 South African Ice Hockey Association Jerry Stevens M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 41 32 [52]
 Spain March 10, 1923 Spanish Ice Sports Federation Maria Teresa Samaranch M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 29 26 [53]
 Sweden March 23, 1912 Swedish Ice Hockey Association Christer Englund M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 1 6 [54]
 Switzerland November 23, 1908 Swiss Ice Hockey Federation Philippe Gaydoul M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 7 3 [55]
 Thailand April 27, 1989 Ice Hockey Association of Thailand Phisan Xupravatti M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [56]
 Turkey May 1, 1991 Turkish Ice Hockey Federation Akin Kilavuz M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 40 33 [57]
 Turkmenistan May 5, 2015 Turkmenistan Ice Hockey Federation Jora Hudayberdiyev M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 47 — [58]
 United Arab Emirates May 10, 2001 UAE Ice Hockey Association Ahmed Mubarak Al-Mazrouei M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 48 — [59]
 Ukraine May 6, 1992 Ice Hockey Federation of Ukraine Anatoliy Brezvin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 21 — [60]
 United States April 26, 1920 USA Hockey Ron DeGregorio M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 6 2 [61]

^ A. Austria was expelled from the IIHF in 1920, then re-admitted on January 24, 1924. It was again expelled in 1939 and re-admitted on April 27, 1946.[62]
^ B. The IIHF recognizes Bohemia, which joined in 1908, and Czechoslovakia as the predecessors to the Czech Republic, which officially became a member in 1993.[15]
^ C. Germany was expelled in 1920, then re-admitted on January 11, 1926. It was again expelled on April 27, 1946. West Germany and East Germany were admitted into the IIHF in 1951 and 1954, respectively. Following their reunification, Germany was re-admitted into the IIHF on October 3, 1990.[63]
^ D. In 1940, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were annexed by the Soviet Union. Their membership expired on April 27, 1946. The three nations were re-admitted into the IIHF on May 6, 1992.[64][65][66]
^ E. Japan was expelled from the IIHF on April 27, 1946, then re-admitted on March 10, 1951.[67]
^ F. The IIHF recognizes the Soviet Union, which joined in 1952, as the predecessor to Russia, which officially became a member in 1992.[68]
^ G. The IIHF recognizes Yugoslavia, which joined in 1939, as the predecessor to Serbia, which officially became a member on September 28, 2006.[48]

IIHF Associate Members

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Men's
Ranking 		Women's
Ranking 		Ref.
 Algeria September 26, 1019 Hockey Algeria Karim Kerbouche M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [69]
 Andorra May 4, 1995 Andorran Federation of Ice Sports Imma Ribes Sagues M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [70]
 Armenia September 22, 1999 Ice Hockey Federation of Armenia Samvel Zakharyan M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [71]
 Argentina May 31, 1998 Argentine Association of Ice and In-Line Hockey Hector Iannicelli M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [72]
 Brazil June 26, 1984 Brazilian Ice Sports Federation Eric L. Walther Maleson M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [73]
 Colombia September 26, 2019 Colombian Ice Hockey Federation Daniel Fierro Torres M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [74]
 Greece April 29, 1987 Hellenic Ice Sports Federation Christos Chatziathanassiou M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [75]
Flag of Indonesia.svg.png Indonesia May 20, 2016 Federasi Hoki Es Indonesia Joko Widodo M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [76]
Flag of Jamaica.svg.png Jamaica May 18, 2012 Jamaican Olympic Ice Hockey Federation Edmond L. Phillipps Jr. M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [77]
 Lebanon September 26, 2019 Lebanese Ice Hockey Federation Charles El-Mir M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [78]
 Liechtenstein October 4, 2001 Liechtenstein Ice Hockey Federation Michael Zanghellini M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [79]
 Macau May 12, 2005 Macau Ice Sports Federation Andrew Chan Chak Mo M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [80]>
 Morocco May 22, 2010 Moroccan Ice Hockey Association Mrini Khalid M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [81]
Flag of Nepal.svg.png Nepal May 20, 2016 Nepal Ice Hockey Association Lok Bahadur Shahi M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [82]
Flag of Macedonia.svg.png North Macedonia October 4, 2001 Macedonian Ice Hockey Federation Nikola Tasev M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [83]
 Oman May 24, 2014 Oman Ice Sports Committee Anad Al-Balushi M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [84]
 Portugal May 13, 1999 Federation of Portuguese Ice Sports José Pinheiro de Almeida M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [85]
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg.png Puerto Rico September 29, 2022 Puerto Rico Ice Hockey Association Scott Vargas M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [86]
 Qatar May 18, 2012 Qatar Winter Sports Committee Rashed Majed Al-Sulaiti M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [87]
 Tunisia September 22, 2021 Tunisian Ice Hockey Association Ihab Ayed M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [88]
 Uzbekistan May 26, 2019 Uzbekistan Ice Hockey Federation Bakhtiyor Fazilov M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [89]

IIHF Affiliate Members

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Ref.
Flag of the Chile.svg.png Chile September 22, 1999 National Association of Hockey on Ice and Inline Nicolas Gomez Bermeosolo M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline [90]

IIHF Suspended Members

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Men's
Ranking 		Women's
Ranking 		Ref.
 Belarus[L] May 6, 1992 Belarus Ice Hockey Federation Alexander Bogdanovich M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 14 — [91]
 Russia[L] April 1, 1952 Ice Hockey Federation of Russia Vladislav Tretiak M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 3 5 [92]

^ L. Russia and Belarus were suspended indefinitely by the IIHF on 28 February 2022 from competing in the IIHF World Championship because of their invasion of Ukraine.

Former IIHF Members

Nation Date joined IIHF Date left IIHF Date left IIHF Reason
 Bohemia November 15, 1908[93] 1920[94] Bohemian Hockey Union Membership rights transferred to the newly established Czechoslovakia
 Czechoslovakia 1920[94] December 31, 1992[95] Czechoslovak Hockey Union Membership rights transferred to the Czech Republic
 East Germany June 9, 1954[63] October 3, 1990[63] Deutscher Eislauf-Verband Reunification of East and West Germany
 Moldova May 20, 2008 2023[96] National Ice Hockey Federation of Moldova Membership ended following a prolonged lack of ice hockey activity.
 West Germany March 10, 1951[63] October 3, 1990[63] German Ice Hockey Federation Reunification of East and West Germany, membership transferred to Germany
 Namibia May 31, 1998 May 19, 2017[97] Namibia Ice and InLine Hockey Association Withdrew from IIHF membership and was removed entirely. Still maintain inline hockey and as a member of World Skate.
 Soviet Union April 1, 1952[68] May 6, 1992[98] Soviet Ice Hockey Federation Membership rights transferred to Russia
 Yugoslavia January 1, 1939[48] December 31, 1992[95] Ice Hockey Federation of Yugoslavia Membership rights transferred to Serbia after split of Yugoslavia

Notes

  1. ↑ "It all started in Paris, 1908". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf.html. Retrieved 1 March 2009. 
  2. ↑ "IIHF Member National Associations". International Ice Hockey Federation. 29 September 2022. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations. 
  3. ↑ Merk, Martin (29 September 2022). "Welcome Puerto Rico!". International Ice Hockey Federation. https://www.iihf.com/en/news/39327/welcome_puerto_rico!. 
  4. ↑ "IIHF Statutes and Bylaws 2021–2024". International Ice Hockey Federation. May 2018. https://blob.iihf.com/iihf-media/iihfmvc/media/downloads/statutes/2021-2024-statutes-and-bylaws-(effective-september-2021).pdf. 
  5. ↑ "Australia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/australia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  6. ↑ "Austria". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/austria.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  7. ↑ "Azerbaijan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/azerbaijan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  8. ↑ "Belgium". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belgium.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  9. ↑ "Bosnia & Herzegovina". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bosnia-herzegovina.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  10. ↑ "Bulgaria". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bulgaria.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  11. ↑ "Canada". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/canada.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  12. ↑ "China". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/china.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  13. ↑ "Chinese Taipei". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/chinese-taipei.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  14. ↑ "Croatia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/croatia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Czech Republic". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/czech-republic.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  16. ↑ "Denmark". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/denmark.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  17. ↑ "Estonia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/estonia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  18. ↑ "Finland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/finland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  19. ↑ "France". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/france.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  20. ↑ "Georgia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/georgia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  21. ↑ "Germany". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/germany.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  22. ↑ "Great Britain". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/great-britain.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  23. ↑ "Hong Kong". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/hong-kong.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  24. ↑ "Hungary". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/hungary.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Iceland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/iceland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  26. ↑ "Iran". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/14688/iran. 
  27. ↑ "Ireland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ireland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  28. ↑ "Israel". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/israel.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  29. ↑ "Italy". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/italy.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  30. ↑ "Japan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/japan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  31. ↑ "Kazakhstan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kazakhstan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  32. ↑ "Kuwait". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/1340/kuwait. 
  33. ↑ "Kyrgyzstan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kyrgyzstan.html. Retrieved May 14, 2011. 
  34. ↑ "DPR Korea". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/dpr-korea.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  35. ↑ "Korea". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/korea.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  36. ↑ "Latvia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/latvia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  37. ↑ "Lithuania". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/lithuania.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  38. ↑ "Luxembourg". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/luxembourg.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  39. ↑ "Malaysia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/malaysia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  40. ↑ "Mexico". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/mexico.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  41. ↑ "Mongolia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/mongolia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  42. ↑ "Netherlands". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/netherlands.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  43. ↑ "New Zealand". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/new-zealand.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  44. ↑ "Norway". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/norway.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  45. ↑ "Philippines". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/philippines/. Retrieved May 19, 2016. 
  46. ↑ "Poland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/poland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  47. ↑ "Romania". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/romania.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 "Serbia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/serbia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  49. ↑ "Singapore". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/singapore.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  50. ↑ "Slovakia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovakia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  51. ↑ "Slovenia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovenia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  52. ↑ "South Africa". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/south-africa.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  53. ↑ "Spain". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/spain.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  54. ↑ "Sweden". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/sweden.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  55. ↑ "Switzerland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/switzerland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  56. ↑ "Thailand". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/thailand.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  57. ↑ "Turkey". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/turkey.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  58. ↑ "Turkmenistan". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/1373/turkmenistan. 
  59. ↑ "United Arab Emirates". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/1375/united-arab-emirates. 
  60. ↑ "Ukraine". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ukraine.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  61. ↑ "United States". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-states.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  62. ↑ Podnieks 2010, pp. 53–54
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4 Podnieks 2010, pp. 67–69
  64. ↑ Podnieks 2010, p. 70
  65. ↑ Podnieks 2010, p. 89
  66. ↑ Podnieks 2010, p. 94
  67. ↑ Podnieks 2010, pp. 92–93
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Russia
  69. ↑ "Algeria". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/14684/algeria. 
  70. ↑ "Andorra". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/andorra.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  71. ↑ "Armenia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/armenia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  72. ↑ "Argentina". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/argentina.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  73. ↑ "Brazil". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/brazil.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  74. ↑ "Colombia". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/14687/colombia. 
  75. ↑ "Greece". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/greece.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  76. ↑ "Indonesia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/indonesia/. Retrieved May 19, 2016. 
  77. ↑ "Jamaica". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/jamaica.html. Retrieved May 21, 2012. 
  78. ↑ "Lebanon". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/14689/lebanon. 
  79. ↑ "Liechtenstein". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/liechtenstein.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  80. ↑ "Macau". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/macau.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  81. ↑ "Morocco". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/morocco.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010. 
  82. ↑ "Nepal". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/nepal/. Retrieved May 20, 2016. 
  83. ↑ "Macedonia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/macedonia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  84. ↑ "Oman". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/Oman.html. Retrieved May 24, 2014. 
  85. ↑ "Portugal". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/portugal.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  86. ↑ "Puerto Rico". International Ice Hockey Federation. 29 September 2022. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/39325/puerto_rico. 
  87. ↑ "Qatar". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/1360/qatar. 
  88. ↑ "Tunisia". International Ice Hockey Federation. 22 September 2021. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/28512/tunisia. 
  89. ↑ "Uzbekistan". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/14690/uzbekistan. 
  90. ↑ "Chile". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/chile.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  91. ↑ "Belarus". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/328/belarus. 
  92. ↑ "Russia". International Ice Hockey Federation. 26 September 2019. https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/1362/russia. 
  93. ↑ "1908-1913". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1908-1913.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 "1914-1933". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1914-1933.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 "1990-today". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1990-today.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  96. ↑ "Moldova". https://web.archive.org/web/20230907230835/https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/1349/moldova. 
  97. ↑ "Namibia is not listed as a IIHF member any more?". Twitter. https://twitter.com/NTofIceHockey/status/865607583121502208. Retrieved 2017-05-19. 
  98. ↑ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #42: Breakup of old Europe creates a new hockey world". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-42.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 

References

  • (2010) IIHF Media Guide & Record Book 2011, Nordmark, Birger (contributing editor), Toronto: Moydart Press. ISBN 978-0-9867964-0-1. 

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