List of members of the International Ice Hockey Federation

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The current members of the IIHF. (Red indicates full members, blue indicates associate members, green indicates affiliate members and black indicates suspended members).

The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the worldwide governing body for ice hockey and in-line hockey. It is based in Zurich, Switzerland, and maintains the international ice hockey rulebook, processes international player transfers, dictates officiating guidelines and is responsible for the management of international ice hockey tournaments. The IIHF was created on May 15, 1908, under the name (in French) Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LHG).[1] Belgium, France, Great Britain, Switzerland and Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) were the founding members. The IIHF was composed entirely of European teams until 1920, when Canada and the United States joined.

Under the IIHF, there are three levels for member organizations. The highest level, and the only one in which members can vote at IIHF Congresses, is IIHF Full Member. These nations have their own independent hockey association, and regularly participate in the various IIHF-sanctioned World Championships. IIHF Associate Members is the second level. These nations either do not have their own independent hockey association, or have one, but have limited participation in the World Championships. The third category, IIHF Affiliate Member, is for nations that only participate in the IIHF InLine Hockey World Championship.[2]

As of 2016, there are 77 members: 54 full members, 21 associate members and 2 affiliate members. Indonesia, Nepal, and the Philippines are the newest members, all of whom joined on May 19, 2016. In 2015, 47 members participated in the Men's World Championships and 36 participated in the Women's World Championships.

Members

IIHF World Ranking information is accurate as of the 2014 Winter Olympics.
In the Teams column
Text in boldface indicates that that team participated in its corresponding event in 2012.
M Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
M-U20 World Under-20 Championships
M-U18 World Under-18 Championships
W World Women Championships
W-U18 World Women's Under-18 Championships
inline InLine Hockey World Championship

IIHF Full Members

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Men's
Ranking 		Women's
Ranking 		Ref.
 Australia 01938-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Australia Don Rurak M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 34 27 [3]
 Austria[A] 01912-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Austrian Ice Hockey Association Dieter Kalt M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 16 13 [4]
 Azerbaijan 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Federation of the Republic of Azerbaijan Vagif D. Mussayev M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [5]
 Belarus 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Belarus Ice Hockey Federation Evgeny Vorsin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 15 — [6]
 Belgium 01908-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation Pascal Nuchelmans M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 36 31 [7]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 02001-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Bosnia and Herzegovina Ice Hockey Federation Haris Muhic M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [8]
 Bulgaria 01960-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Bulgarian Ice Hockey Federation Krasimir Krastev M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 39 34 [9]
 Canada 01920-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Hockey Canada Bob Nicholson M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 1 1 [10]
 China 01963-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Chinese Ice Hockey Association Wang Yitao M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 38 14 [11]
 Chinese Taipei 01983-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Chinese Taipei Ice Hockey Federation Pai Wen-Jun M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [12]
 Croatia 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Croatian Ice Hockey Federation Nikola Švigir M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 30 25 [13]
 Czech Republic 01908-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[B] Czech Ice Hockey Association Tomáš Král M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 5 8 [14]
 Denmark 01946-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Danmarks Ishockey Union Henrik Bach Nielsen M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 13 12 [15]
 Estonia 01935-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[D] Estonian Ice Hockey Association Priit Vilba M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 28 — [16]
 Finland 01928-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Finnish Ice Hockey Association Kalervo Kummola M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 2 4 [17]
 France 01908-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} French Ice Hockey Federation Luc Tardif M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 12 16 [18]
 Georgia 02009-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Georgian Ice Hockey Federation Nugzar Paikidze M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 48 — [19]
 Germany[C] 01909-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} German Ice Hockey Federation Uwe Harnos M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 11 7 [20]
 Great Britain 01908-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey UK Eamon Convery M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 20 19 [21]
 Hong Kong 01983-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Hong Kong Ice Hockey Association Siu Yin Yip M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [22]
 Hungary 01927-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Hungarian Ice Hockey Federation Ferenc Studniczky M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 19 21 [23]
 Iceland 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Iceland Vidar Gardarsson M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 35 30 [24]
 India 01989-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Association of India K. L. Kumar M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [24]
 Ireland 01996-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Irish Ice Hockey Association William Fay M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 42 35 [25]
 Israel 01991-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Federation of Israel Sergei Matin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 33 — [26]
 Italy 01924-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Federation of Italian Ice Sports Giancarlo Bolognini M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 18 20 [27]
 Japan[E] 01930-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Japan Ice Hockey Federation Kenichi Chizuka M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 22 9 [28]
 Kazakhstan 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Kazakhstan Ice Hockey Federation Askar Mamin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 17 15 [29]
 North Korea 01963-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Association of the DPR Korea Pak Song-Nam M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 45 29 [30]
 South Korea 01960-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Korea Ice Hockey Association Park Kap-Chul M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 23 24 [31]
 Latvia 01931-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[D] Latvian Ice Hockey Federation Kirovs Lipmans M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 10 17 [32]
 Lithuania 01938-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[D] Lithuanian Ice Hockey Federation Petras Nauseda M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 26 — [33]
 Luxembourg 01912-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Luxembourg Ice Hockey Federation Rene Ludovicy M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 43 — [34]
 Mexico 01985-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Mexico Ice Hockey Federation Joaquin de la Garma M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 32 — [35]
 Mongolia 01999-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Mongolian Ice Hockey Federation Sumiya Ganjargal M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 46 — [36]
 Netherlands 01935-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Association of The Netherlands Joop Vullers M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 24 18 [37]
 New Zealand 01977-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} New Zealand Ice Hockey Federation Grant Hay M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 37 28 [38]
 Norway 01935-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Norwegian Ice Hockey Association Ole-Jacob Libæk M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 9 11 [39]
 Poland 01926-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Polish Ice Hockey Federation Zdzislaw Ingielewicz M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 25 23 [40]
Flag of Qatar.svg.png Qatar 02012-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Qatar Ice Hockey Federation Khalil Al-Jabir M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [41]
 Romania 01924-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Romanian Ice Hockey Federation Barna Tanczos M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 27 36 [42]
 Russia 01952-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[F] Ice Hockey Federation of Russia Vladislav Tretiak M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 4 5 [43]
 Serbia 01939-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[G] Serbian Ice Hockey Association Nastas Andric M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 31 — [44]
 Slovakia 01993-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Slovak Ice Hockey Federation Juraj Siroky M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 8 10 [45]
 Slovenia 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Federation of Slovenia Matjaž Rakovec M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 14 22 [46]
 South Africa 01937-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} South African Ice Hockey Association Jerry Stevens M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 41 32 [47]
 Spain 01923-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Spanish Ice Sports Federation Maria Teresa Samaranch M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 29 26 [48]
 Sweden 01912-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Swedish Ice Hockey Association Christer Englund M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 1 6 [49]
 Switzerland 01908-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Swiss Ice Hockey Association Philippe Gaydoul M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 7 3 [50]
 Thailand 01989-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Association of Thailand Phisan Xupravatti M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [51]
 Turkey 01991-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Turkish Ice Hockey Federation Akin Kilavuz M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 40 33 [52]
 Ukraine 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Federation of Ukraine Anatoliy Brezvin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 21 — [53]
 United States 01920-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} USA Hockey Ron DeGregorio M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 6 2 [54]

^ A. Austria was expelled from the IIHF in 1920, then re-admitted on January 24, 1924. It was again expelled in 1939 and re-admitted on April 27, 1946.[55]
^ B. The IIHF recognizes Bohemia, which joined in 1908, and Czechoslovakia as the predecessors to the Czech Republic, which officially became a member in 1993.[14]
^ C. Germany was expelled in 1920, then re-admitted on January 11, 1926. It was again expelled on April 27, 1946. West Germany and East Germany were admitted into the IIHF in 1951 and 1954, respectively. Following their reunification, Germany was re-admitted into the IIHF on October 3, 1990.[56]
^ D. In 1940, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were annexed by the Soviet Union. Their membership expired on April 27, 1946. The three nations were re-admitted into the IIHF on May 6, 1992.[57][58][59]
^ E. Japan was expelled from the IIHF on April 27, 1946, then re-admitted on March 10, 1951.[60]
^ F. The IIHF recognizes the Soviet Union, which joined in 1952, as the predecessor to Russia, which officially became a member in 1992.[43]
^ G. The IIHF recognizes Yugoslavia, which joined in 1939, as the predecessor to Serbia, which officially became a member on September 28, 2006.[44]

IIHF Associate Members

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Men's
Ranking 		Women's
Ranking 		Ref.
 Andorra 01995-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Andorran Federation of Ice Sports Imma Ribes Sagues M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [61]
 Armenia 01999-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Federation of Armenia Samvel Zakharyan M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [62]
 Argentina 01998-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Argentine Association of Ice and In-Line Hockey Hector Iannicelli M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [63]
 Brazil 01984-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Brazilian Ice Sports Federation Eric L. Walther Maleson M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [64]
 Greece 01987-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Hellenic Ice Sports Federation Christos Chatziathanassiou M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 44 — [65]
Flag of Indonesia.svg.png Indonesia 02016-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Federasi Hoki Es Indonesia Joko Widodo M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [66]
Flag of Jamaica.svg.png Jamaica 02012-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Jamaican Olympic Ice Hockey Federation Edmond L. Phillipps Jr. M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [67]
 Kuwait 02009-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Kuwait Ice Hockey Association Fahad Hamad Al Ajmi M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [68]
 Kyrgyzstan 02011-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Ice Hockey Federation of the Kyrgyz Republic Anvar Omorkanov M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [69]
 Liechtenstein 02001-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Liechtenstein Ice Hockey Federation Michael Zanghellini M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [70]
 Macau 02005-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Macau Ice Sports Federation Andrew Chan Chak Mo M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [71]
Flag of Macedonia.svg.png Macedonia 02001-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Macedonian Ice Hockey Federation Nikola Tasev M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [72]
 Malaysia 02006-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Malaysia Ice Hockey Federation Dato Lee Hwa Beng M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [73]
 Moldova 02008-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} National Ice Hockey Federation of Moldova Andrei Gargalic M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [74]
 Morocco 02010-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Moroccan Ice Hockey Association Mrini Khalid M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [75]
Flag of Nepal.svg.png Nepal 02016-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Nepal Ice Hockey Association Lok Bahadur Shahi M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [76]
 Oman 02014-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Oman Ice Sports Committee Anad Al-Balushi M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [77]
Flag of the Philippines.svg.png Philippines 02016-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Federation of Hockey League in the Philippines Christopher G. Sy M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [78]
 Portugal 01999-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Federation of Portuguese Ice Sports José Pinheiro de Almeida M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [79]
 Singapore 01996-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Singapore Ice Hockey Association James Kodrowski M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [80]
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg.png Turkmenistan 02015-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} National Center of Turkmenistan for Winter Sports Sergei Vakhitov M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — [81]
 United Arab Emirates 02001-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} UAE Ice Hockey Association Ahmed Mubarak Al Mazrouei M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 47 — [82]

IIHF Affiliate Members

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Ref.
Flag of the Chile.svg.png Chile 01999-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} National Association of Hockey on Ice and Inline Nicolas Gomez Bermeosolo M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline [83]
 Namibia 01998-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}} Namibia Ice and InLine Hockey Association Holger Mentzel M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline [84]

Former IIHF Members

Nation Date joined IIHF Date left IIHF Reason
 Bohemia 01908-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[85] 1920[86] Membership rights transferred to the newly established Czechoslovakia
 Czechoslovakia 1920[86] 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[87] Membership rights transferred to the Czech Republic
 East Germany 01954-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[56] 01990-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[56] Reunification of East and West Germany
 West Germany 01951-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[56] 01990-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[56] Reunification of East and West Germany, membership transferred to Germany
 Soviet Union 01952-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[43] 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[88] Membership rights transferred to Russia
 Yugoslavia 01939-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[44] 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr {{{1}}}[87] Membership rights transferred to Serbia after split of Yugoslavia

Notes

  1. ↑ "It all started in Paris, 1908". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf.html. Retrieved 1 March 2009. 
  2. ↑ "Members". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/members.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  3. ↑ "Australia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/australia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  4. ↑ "Austria". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/austria.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  5. ↑ "Azerbaijan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/azerbaijan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  6. ↑ "Belarus". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belarus.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  7. ↑ "Belgium". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belgium.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  8. ↑ "Bosnia & Herzegovina". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bosnia-herzegovina.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  9. ↑ "Bulgaria". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bulgaria.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  10. ↑ "Canada". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/canada.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  11. ↑ "China". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/china.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  12. ↑ "Chinese Taipei". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/chinese-taipei.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  13. ↑ "Croatia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/croatia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Czech Republic". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/czech-republic.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  15. ↑ "Denmark". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/denmark.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  16. ↑ "Estonia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/estonia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  17. ↑ "Finland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/finland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  18. ↑ "France". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/france.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  19. ↑ "Georgia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/georgia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  20. ↑ "Germany". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/germany.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  21. ↑ "Great Britain". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/great-britain.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  22. ↑ "Hong Kong". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/hong-kong.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  23. ↑ "Hungary". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/hungary.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Iceland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/iceland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  25. ↑ "Ireland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ireland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  26. ↑ "Israel". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/israel.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  27. ↑ "Italy". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/italy.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  28. ↑ "Japan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/japan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  29. ↑ "Kazakhstan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kazakhstan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  30. ↑ "DPR Korea". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/dpr-korea.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  31. ↑ "Korea". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/korea.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  32. ↑ "Latvia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/latvia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  33. ↑ "Lithuania". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/lithuania.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  34. ↑ "Luxembourg". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/luxembourg.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  35. ↑ "Mexico". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/mexico.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  36. ↑ "Mongolia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/mongolia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  37. ↑ "Netherlands". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/netherlands.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  38. ↑ "New Zealand". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/new-zealand.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  39. ↑ "Norway". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/norway.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  40. ↑ "Poland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/poland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  41. ↑ "IIHF grows in Asia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihfworlds2016.com/en/news/iihf-grows-in-asia/. Retrieved May 20, 2016. 
  42. ↑ "Romania". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/romania.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 "Russia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/russia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 "Serbia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/serbia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  45. ↑ "Slovakia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovakia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  46. ↑ "Slovenia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovenia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  47. ↑ "South Africa". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/south-africa.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  48. ↑ "Spain". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/spain.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  49. ↑ "Sweden". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/sweden.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  50. ↑ "Switzerland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/switzerland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  51. ↑ "Thailand". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/thailand.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  52. ↑ "Turkey". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/turkey.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  53. ↑ "Ukraine". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ukraine.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  54. ↑ "United States". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-states.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  55. ↑ Podnieks 2010, pp. 53–54
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 56.4 Podnieks 2010, pp. 67–69
  57. ↑ Podnieks 2010, p. 70
  58. ↑ Podnieks 2010, p. 89
  59. ↑ Podnieks 2010, p. 94
  60. ↑ Podnieks 2010, pp. 92–93
  61. ↑ "Andorra". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/andorra.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  62. ↑ "Armenia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/armenia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  63. ↑ "Argentina". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/argentina.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  64. ↑ "Brazil". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/brazil.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  65. ↑ "Greece". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/greece.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  66. ↑ "Indonesia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/indonesia/. Retrieved May 19, 2016. 
  67. ↑ "Jamaica". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/jamaica.html. Retrieved May 21, 2012. 
  68. ↑ "Kuwait". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kuwait.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  69. ↑ "Kyrgyzstan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kyrgyzstan.html. Retrieved May 14, 2011. 
  70. ↑ "Liechtenstein". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/liechtenstein.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  71. ↑ "Macau". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/macau.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  72. ↑ "Macedonia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/macedonia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  73. ↑ "Malaysia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/malaysia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  74. ↑ "IIHF Congress begins in Montreal". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/article/iihf-congress-begins-in-montreal.html. Retrieved May 21, 2008. 
  75. ↑ "Morocco". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/morocco.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010. 
  76. ↑ "Nepal". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/nepal/. Retrieved May 20, 2016. 
  77. ↑ "Oman". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/Oman.html. Retrieved May 24, 2014. 
  78. ↑ "Philippines". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/philippines/. Retrieved May 19, 2016. 
  79. ↑ "Portugal". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/portugal.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  80. ↑ "Singapore". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/singapore.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  81. ↑ "Turkmenistan". International Ice Hockey Federation. May 15, 2015. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/turkmenistan/. Retrieved May 15, 2015. 
  82. ↑ "United Arab Emirates". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-arab-emirates.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  83. ↑ "Chile". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/chile.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  84. ↑ "Namibia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/namibia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  85. ↑ "1908-1913". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1908-1913.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 "1914-1933". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1914-1933.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 "1990-today". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1990-today.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  88. ↑ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #42: Breakup of old Europe creates a new hockey world". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-42.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 

References

  • (2010) IIHF Media Guide & Record Book 2011, Nordmark, Birger (contributing editor), Toronto: Moydart Press. ISBN 978-0-9867964-0-1. 

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