IIHF World Women's Championships
| IIHF World Women's Championships | |
| 2023 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships | |
| Sport | Ice hockey |
| Founded | 1990 |
| No. of teams | 10 in the Top Division 12 in Division I 17 Division II |
| Most recent champion(s) |  United States (10th title)
|
| Most championship(s) |  Canada (12 titles)
|
| Official website | IIHF.com |
The IIHF Ice Hockey Women's World Championship is the premier international tournament in women's ice hockey. It is governed by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).
The official world competition was first held in 1990, with four more championships held in the 90's.[1] From 1989 to 1996, and in years that there was no world tournament held, there were European Championships and in 1995 and 1996 a Pacific Rim Championship. From the first Olympic Women's Ice Hockey Tournament in 1998 onward, the Olympic tournament was played instead of the IIHF Championships. As part of an effort to improve competition, the IIHF decided to hold Women's Championships in Olympic years, starting in 2014, but not at the top level.[2]
Canada and the United States have dominated the Championship since its inception. Canada won gold at the first eight consecutive tournaments and the United States has won gold at ten of the last fourteen tournaments. Both national teams placed either first or second every tournament until Canada's streak was broken at the 2019 Championship. Finland is the third most successful World Championship team, having won thirteen bronze medals and one silver medal – achieved after breaking the Canadian gold-silver streak. Four other teams have medalled at a Women's World Championship: Russia, winning three bronze medals; Czech Republic and Sweden, each winning two; and Switzerland, winning one.
Structure and Qualification
The women's tournament began as an eight-team tournament featuring Canada, the US, the top five from the 1989 European championships, and one Asian qualifier. The same formula was used for 1992, 1994 and 1997, but changed following the first Olympic Women's Ice Hockey Tournament at the 1998 Nagano Olympics. The best five from the Olympic tournament were qualified for 1999, followed by the best three from qualification rounds during the Olympic year. The championship became a yearly tournament beginning in 1999 with promotion and relegation with lower ranked nations. Remaining nations play in groups of (now) six nations, with as many as five tiers.
After the 2017 tournament, it was announced that tournament would expand to 10 teams for 2019, having been played with 8 teams since the first tournament in 1990, except in 2004, 2007, 2008, and 2009, where 9 teams played. The 2004 edition featured 9 teams when Japan was promoted from Division II but no team was relegated from the Top Division in 2003, due to the cancellation of the top division tournament in China because of the outbreak of the SARS disease.[3] Two teams were relegated from the Top Division in 2004, going back to 8 teams for 2005, but due to the success of the 9-team pool in 2004, IIHF decided to expand again to 9 teams for 2007.[4] Reverting to 8 teams after the 2009 tournament.[5]
Championship Format
Initially, the tournament was an eight-team tournament divided into two groups, which played round-robin. The top two from each group played off for the gold, and beginning in 1999 the bottom two played off to determine placement and relegation. In 2004, 2007, 2008, and 2009 the tournament was played with nine nations, using three groups of three playing round-robin. In this format first place from each group continued on to play for gold, second place from each group played for placement and an opportunity to still play for bronze, and the third place teams played off to determine relegation. Beginning in 2011, the tournament changed the format to encourage more equal games. The top four seed nations played in Group A, where the top two teams got a bye to the semi-finals, the bottom two go to the quarter-finals to face the top two finishers from Group B. The bottom two from Group B then play each other in a best of three to determine relegation. Beginning in 2019 the tournament was expanded to ten teams, bringing with it a new format. The ten teams are divided into two groups of five and play round-robin. In this format, the five teams in Group A and the top three teams from Group B move into the Quarterfinals, seeded A1vsB3, A2vsB2, A3vsB1, and A4vsA5. The bottom two from Group B now play only one 9th place game and both get relegated.
Lower Divisions
Outside of the Top Division tournament, participating nations play in groups of no more than six teams. As of 2022, there are six group tiers across three divisions below the Top Division.
Introduced in 1999 as a Division I tournament and Division I qualification tournament, the number of lower divisions rapidly expanded as more national teams gained admittance. By 2003 the lower tiers were formalized into tiered groups of six teams each, called Division I, Division II, and Division III, with promotion for the top team in each and relegation for the bottom team. By 2009 it had grown up to Division V, but in 2012 the titles were changed to match the men's tournaments; Division I became IA, Division II became IB, Division III became IIA, Division IV became IIB, and Division V became IIB Qualification. Promotion and relegation remained the same after the title changes.
Rules and eligibility
The rules of play are essentially the same as the men's with one key difference: body checking. Checking was allowed in the first championship but has been assessed as a minor penalty since. To be eligible players must be under the jurisdiction of the governing body they are representing and must be a citizen of that country. Additionally, the player must be eighteen years old, or sixteen with a medical waiver, in the season the tournament takes place.[6]
Tournaments
Participation and medals
| Country | Tournaments | First | Last | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Best finish (first/last) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada |
22 | 1990 | 2023 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 22 | 1st (1990/2022) |
| United States |
22 | 1990 | 2023 | 10 | 12 | 0 | 22 | 1st (2005/2023) |
 Finland |
22 | 1990 | 2023 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 14 | 2nd (2019) |
 Russia |
17 | 1997 | 2021 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3rd (2001/2016) |
 Czechia |
8 | 2013 | 2023 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3rd (2022/2023) |
 Sweden |
21 | 1990 | 2023 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3rd (2005/2007) |
 Switzerland |
18 | 1990 | 2023 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3rd (2012) |
 China |
11 | 1992 | 2009 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4th (1994/1997) |
 Germany |
17 | 1990 | 2023 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4th (2017) |
 Japan |
10 | 1990 | 2023 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5th (2022) |
 Norway |
4 | 1990 | 1997 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6th (1990/1994) |
 Kazakhstan |
4 | 2001 | 2011 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6th (2009) |
 Denmark |
3 | 1992 | 2022 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7th (1992) |
 Slovakia |
2 | 2011 | 2012 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7th (2011) |
 Hungary |
3 | 2021 | 2023 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8th (2022) |
 France |
2 | 2019 | 2023 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10th (2019/2023) |
Awards
Main article: List of IIHF Women's World Championship Directorate award winners
At most IIHF events, the tournament directorate awards the best forward, best defenceman, best goaltender and most valuable player of each tournament. at the women's event, these awards have been handed out in some combination since the first tournament, with the exception of 1997, and the cancelled tournament in 2003.
See also
External links/sources
- ↑ "IIHF World Women's Championships". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/women.html. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
- ↑ Merk, Martin. "New era of women's hockey", International Ice Hockey Federation, 17 December 2010. Retrieved on 12 January 2011. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013.
- ↑ Merk, Martin. "Women's Worlds grow". International Ice Hockey Federation. https://www.iihf.com/en/events/2019/ww/news/4341/women%E2%80%99s-worlds-grow. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
- ↑ "The IIHF Annual Congress made the following decisions in Riga during its session on May 19:", International Ice Hockey Federation, June 2006, p. 2. Retrieved on 17 February 2019. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014.
- ↑ "World Women's back to eight teams". International Ice Hockey Federation. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185236/http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3263&cHash=f29880b6730f3340e970e9c90a588100. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
- ↑ IIHF Statutes and Bylaws, sections 406, 616, and 900
- The Women's Hockey Web
- Müller, Stephan : International Ice Hockey Encyclopedia 1904–2005 / BoD GmbH Norderstedt, 2005 ISBN 3-8334-4189-5.
- Duplacey, James (1998). Total Hockey: The official encyclopedia of the National Hockey League. Total Sports, 487–9. ISBN 0-8362-7114-9.
- Podnieks, Andrew (2010). IIHF Media Guide & Record Book 2011. Moydart Press, 26–7,227–235.
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