Bandy and Ice Hockey in Finland (1894-1930)

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A Finnish bandy match played during the 1920s.

The first article in Finland to mention bandy was in 1894 when Charles Tebbutt visited Sweden and introduced the game there. Several articles published over the following years explained the game of bandy/hockey.

It was Vyborg (a former Finnish city now part of Russia) that pioneered the game and played internationally as early as 1899. They had great skaters. Helsinki tried the sport around the same time as Vyborg, but it took almost a decade before it really caught on.

Helsinki hosted an international winter sports competition that featured bandy in 1907. The tournament also featured teams from Sweden and St. Petersburg. The Finnish Football Federation, which also governed bandy in the country, was established in May.

The first national bandy championship in Finland was organized by the football federation and staged in the winter of 1908. It was staged as a knockout competition until 1931, when the SM-sarja was created as the national bandy league. Viipurin Sudet (Vyborg Wolves) won the championship 12 times between 1914 and 1930.

The SM-sarja competition in ice hockey was first contested in 1928, but as in other Nordic countries, the sport of bandy remained popular even after hockey also became an established sport.

National Bandy Championship Results

1908

Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Polyteknikkojen Urheiluseura 6–0 (3-0) Sportklubben Unitas
Viborgs Hockeyklubb 1–4 (1-1) Helsingin IFK
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Polyteknikkojen Urheiluseura 8–3 (5-3) Helsingin IFK

1909

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 13–2 (5-0) Sportklubben Unitas
Viipurin Reipas 6–2 (6-1) Viipurin IFK
Semifinal
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Reipas 3–7 Helsingin IFK
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Polyteknikkojen Urheiluseura 6–4 (4-1) Helsingin IFK

1910

Semifinal
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 9–2 (3-2) Viipurin Reipas
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 12–4 (3-3) Polyteknikkojen Urheiluseura

1911

Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 16–1* Polyteknikkojen Urheiluseura
Viipurin IFK 9–5 Viipurin Reipas
  • Match was unofficial as HIFK loaned players to PU.
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin IFK 7–15 (4-5) Helsingin IFK

1912

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2 Report
Helsingin IFK 21–0 Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi Suomen Urheilulehti 8.2.1912
Viipurin IFK 8–3 Viipurin Reipas
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2 Report
Helsingin IFK 12–0 Kronohagens IF Suomen Urheilulehti 15.2.1912
Viipurin SLU 7–7 Viipurin IFK
Semifinal replay
Team 1 Score Team 2 Report
Viipurin SLU 11–4 Viipurin IFK Suomen Urheilulehti 22.2.1912
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 10–3 (2–3) Viipurin SLU

1913

Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 6-1 Kronohagens IF
Wiipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 15-2 Viipurin IFK
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Wiipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 3-4 (0-0) Helsingin IFK

1914

Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 13–3 (5-1) Viipurin IFK
Helsingin IFK 2–2 (0-2) Kronohagens IF
First replay
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 10–0 (5-0) Kronohagens IF
Second replay
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 11–2 (3-2) Kronohagens IF

The first replay was annulled.

Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 4–6 (3-4) Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura

1915

Quarterfinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 13-4 (7-3) Viipurin IFK
Viipurin Reipas 4–10 (2-5) Viipurin Ponteva
Kronohagens IF 6-1 (4-1) Polyteknikkojen Urheiluseura
Helsingin IFK 8-0 (6-0) Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 17-1 (8-0) Viipurin Ponteva
Helsingin IFK 10-1 (5-1) Kronohagens IF
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 8-2 (5-1) Helsingin IFK

1916

Quarterfinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Turun AIK 1–13 (0-6) Kronohagens IF
Viipurin IFK 8–4 (3-3) Viipurin Reipas
Helsingin IFK 8–1 (2-0) Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 8–2 (2-1) Viipurin IFK
Helsingin IFK 5–4 (2-0) Kronohagens IF
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 3–8 (3-5) Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura

1917

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Turun AIK 2-4 Turun IFK
Quarterfinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Turun IFK 3-17 Helsingin IFK
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 1-3 Kronohagens IF
Viipurin Reipas 0-9 Viipurin IFK
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 18-7 Viipurin IFK
Kronohagens IF 6-3 Helsingin IFK
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 11-2 (9-1) Kronohagens IF

1918

The competition was set to include nine teams; four from Helsinki, three from Vyborg, and two from Turku. A new team, Helsingin Palloseura, was going to participate. The championship was slated to begin at the end of January, but was not contested as the Finnish Civil War broke out around the same time.

1919

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 2-5 Kronohagens IF
Turun IFK 12-1 Tampereen Pyrintö
Second round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin IFK 8-6 Viipurin Reipas
Turun IFK 7-8 Helsingin Palloseura
Helsingin IFK 5-3 Kronohagens IF
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 14-8 Viipurin IFK
Helsingin IFK 10-1 Helsingin Palloseura
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 11-2 (4-1) Helsingin IFK

1920

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin Palloseura 6-1 Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi
Second round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 17-3 Viipurin IFK
Turun IFK 2-7 Helsingin Palloseura
Helsingin IFK 9-3 Kronohagens IF
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 8-1 Viipurin Reipas
Helsingin Palloseura 4-2 Helsingin IFK
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 8-3 (3-2) Helsingin Palloseura

1921

First round
Date Team 1 Score Team 2 Notes
1/23 Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 9–2 (4-0) Viipurin IFK
1/23 Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 3–3 Helsingin IFK HJK won rematch 7-4 (3-3) on 2/6
1/23 Kronohagens IF 2–0 Helsingin Palloseura
1/23 Åbo IFK 11–4 SLU Turku
1/30 Åbo IFK 5–2 (3-0) Viipurin Reipas A player left the game in protest
Semifinals
Date Team 1 Score Team 2
2/13 Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura Forfeit Åbo IFK
2/13 Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 5–3 (2-1) Kronohagens IF
Final
Date Team 1 Score Team 2
3/6 Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 2–5 (1-3) Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi
Salama Shield
  • Viipurin IFK - Viipurin Reipas 5:4[1]
  • 1/16: Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura - Viipurin IFK 12:1 (7:1, 5:0)[2]
  • 1/26: KIF - HIFK 8:5[3]
  • 2/1: HPS - HJK 4:2 (2:2, 2:0)[4]
  • 2/3: KIF - HPS 8:3[5]
  • 2/6: Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura - KIF 6:3 - final[6]
Polytekarpytsen
  • 2/10: KIF - HPS 6:5 (0:4, 6:1)[7]
  • 2/13: Viipurin Reipas - Viipurin IFK 8:4[8]
  • 2/15: HJK - HIFK 5:3[9]
  • 2/16: Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura - Viipurin Reipas 13:0[10]
  • 2/17: HJK - KIF 6:1 (2:0, 4:1)[11]
  • 2/20: Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura - HJK 6:2 (3:1, 3:1)[12]
  • 2/27: Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura - Flag of Sweden Uppsala IFK 2:1 - final[13]
Other games
  • 1/16: HJK - KIF 4:3[2]
  • 1/16: HPS - HIFK 3:2[2]
  • 1/30: Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura - Helsinki Combination 10:1 (3:0, 7:1)[14]
  • 1/30: Viipurin IFK - Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura II 6:2 (1:1, 5:1)[14]
  • 2/6: Abo IFK - Viipurin IFK 3:2[6]
  • 2/13: Pyrinto Tampere - SLU Abo 10:7 (5:2, 5:4)[8]
  • 2/20: KIF II - Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura II 5:5[12]
  • 2/20: Warkaus - IFK Kotka 11:6 (4:1, 7:5)[12]
  • 3/12: Viipurin IFK - Viipurin Reipas 9:3 - IFK Pokal[15]

1922

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Vasa IS 10-2 Vaasan Vasama
Vaasan IFK 8-0 IF Drott
Turun Urheiluliitto 0-18 Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi
Viipurin IFK 10-2 Viipurin Reipas
Second round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Kronohagens IF 4–3 (4-1) Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 7–1 (4-1) Viipurin IFK
Vasa IS 7–0 Vasa IFK
Helsingin Palloseura 8-4 Helsingin IFK
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 9–1 (4-0) Helsingin Palloseura
Vasa IS 0–13 (0-5) Kronohagens IF
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Kronohagens IF 1–3 (0-1) Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura
Other games
  • 1/7: Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura - Viipurin Reipas 10:0[16]
  • 1/7: Viipurin IFK - Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura II 8:0[16]
  • 1/7: KIF - Helsingin IFK 18:4 (9:2, 9:2)[16]
  • 1/7: HJK - HPS 7:6[16]
  • 1/15: Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura - KIF 10:1 (5:0, 5:1)[17]
  • 1/15: HJK - Abo IFK 13:4[18]
  • 1/23: Vasama - Vasa IFK 8:4 (4:2, 4:2)[19]
  • 1/29: Viipuri - Helsinki 7:4 (2:1, 5:3)[20]
  • 1/30: Riento - Abo IFK II 11:5 (6:3, 5:2)[21]
  • 1/30: Vasama - Tampereen Palloilijat 10:3[21]
  • 2/5: Viipuri - Helsinki 5:4[22]
  • 2/18: Vasa IFK - Vasama 6:1[23]
  • 3/19: Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura II - Helsinki Comb. 8:3[24]
  • 3/20: Vasa IS - Vasama 6:3[25]
  • 3/20: Vasa IS II - Vasama II 4:4[25]
Viipurin IFK Jubilee Cup
  • 1/8: Viipurin IFK - HPS 4:3 (3:1, 1:2)[26]
  • 1/8: KIF - HJK 6:2[26]
  • 2/19: HJK - KIF 9:8 (5:5, 4:3)[27]
  • 3/12: HJK - Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 7:6 (3:3, 4:3)[28]

1923

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Vasa IS 11-2 Vasa IFK
Vaasan Vasama 13-3 IF Drott
Second round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Vaasan Vasama 5-4 (3-3) Vasa IS
Turun Palloseura 4-7 Åbo IFK
Viipurin IFK 8-3 Viipurin Reipas
Kronohagens IF 8-4 Helsingin IFK
Third round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Kronohagens IF 6-4 Viipurin IFK
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 10-5 Helsingin Palloseura
Åbo IFK 6-1 Vaasan Vasama
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 7-1 Åbo IFK
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 7-2 Kronohagens IF
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Bandy & Jalkapalloseura 1–4 (0-3) Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi

1924

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Vasa IS 3-2 Vasa IFK
Tampereen Palloilijat 2-1 Vaasan Vasama
Second round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Vasa IS 4-0 Tampereen Palloilijat
Åbo IFK 6-5 Turun Palloseura
Viipurin IFK 4-2 Viipurin Reipas
Quarterfinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Sudet 2-1 Viipurin IFK
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 6-2 Kronohagens IF
Vasa IS 2-2 Åbo IFK
Helsingin IFK 2-2 Helsingin Palloseura
Replays
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 10-3 Helsingin Palloseura
Åbo IFK Forfeit* Vasa IS
  • The first match between Vasa IS and Abo IFK in Vaasa ended 2-2. The football association ordered a rematch to be played the following Sunday in Turku. Vasa would have had to leave on Saturday to get to the match. The team had nine students whose principal refused to grant them the day off school, so Vasa was forced to forfeit the replay.
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Sudet 6-4 Helsingin IFK
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 9-2 Åbo IFK
Final

24. helmikuuta 1924 Helsingissä

Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 4-1 (2-1) Viipurin Sudet

1925

Early rounds
Team 1 Score Team 2
Savonlinnan Riento 2-4 Viipurin Reipas
Viipurin Sudet 11-0 Viipurin IFK
Vasa IS 5-4 Vaasan Palloseura
Vasa IS 3-0 Vasa IFK
Tampereen Palloilijat 7-8 ja. (6-6) Vasa IS
Helsingin IFK 2-7 Kronohagens IF
Kronohagens IF 13-2 Vasa IS
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 1-0 Helsingin Palloseura
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Sudet 16-2 Viipurin Reipas
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 6-2 Kronohagens IF
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Sudet 9-2 (3-2) Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi

1926

Early rounds
Team 1 Score Team 2
IF Drott Forfeit Vasa IFK
Vaasan Palloseura 2-4 (2-2) Vasa IS
Iisalmen Palloilijat 0-19 Varkauden Sk:n Palloilijat
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 4-1 Helsingin IFK
Viipurin Reipas 8-1 Viipurin IFK
Turun Palloseura 5-5 Åbo IFK
Turun Palloseura 4-4 Åbo IFK
Turun Palloseura 4-3 Åbo IFK
Vasa IS 9-2 Vasa IFK
Viipurin Sudet 16-2 Viipurin Reipas
Helsingin Palloseura 0-9 Kronohagens IF
Varkauden Sk:n Palloilijat 5-3 Savonlinnan Riento
Tampereen Palloilijat 5-0 Vasa IS
Varkauden Sk:n Palloilijat 0-15 Viipurin Sudet
Tampereen Palloilijat 10-5 Turun Palloseura
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 4-4 Kronohagens IF
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 1-3 Kronohagens IF
Viipurin Sudet 10-0 Tampereen Palloilijat
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Kronohagens IF 1-2 (0-1) Viipurin Sudet

1927

Early rounds
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Sudet 14–2 Viipurin IFK
Åbo IFK 9–5 Turun Palloseura
Vaasan Palloseura 6–3 Vasa IFK
Åbo IFK 1-6 Kronohagens IF
Tampereen Palloilijat 2-7 Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi
Varkauden Sk:n Palloilijat 4–2 Savonlinnan Riento
Oulun Palloseura 3-6 Vasa IS
Lappeenrannan Luistinseura 3-6 Viipurin Reipas
Helsingin IFK 5–1 Helsingin Palloseura
Vaasan Palloseura 1–1 Vasa IS
Vaasan Palloseura 2–1 Vasa IS
Vaasan Palloseura 4-9 Helsingin IFK
Viipurin Sudet 11–0 Viipurin Reipas
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 7–2 Kronohagens IF
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Sudet 14–0 Varkauden Sk:n Palloilijat
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 1–1 Helsingin IFK
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 3–2 Helsingin IFK
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Sudet 6–2 (5-1) Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi

1928

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Vasa IS 4–1 Drott
Second round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Oulun Palloseura Forfeit Vaasan Palloseura
Vasa IS 6–0 Vasa IFK
Viipurin Reipas 5–1 Savonlinnan Riento
Third round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Vaasan Palloseura 5–4 Vasa IS
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi Forfeit Tampereen Palloilijat
Kuopion Palloseura 5-8 Varkauden Sk:n Palloilijat
Helsingin IFK 3–1 Viipurin Reipas
Turun Palloseura 3–2 Åbo IFK
Lappeenrannan Urheilu-Miehet 2-13 Viipurin Sudet
Quarterfinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Vaasan Palloseura 0-5 Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi
Varkauden Sk:n Palloilijat 3-10 Kronohagens IF
Helsingin IFK 5–4 Turun Palloseura
Viipurin Sudet 4–3 Helsingin Palloseura
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 3–1 Kronohagens IF
Viipurin Sudet 9–2 Helsingin IFK
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 4–3 (2-2) Viipurin Sudet

1929

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Varkauden Sk:n Palloilijat 1-2 Savonlinnan Riento
Oulun Palloseura 0-12 Vaasan Palloseura
Lappeenrannan Urheilu-Miehet 9-2 Kotkan Palloseura
Vaasan Palloseura 8-2 Vasa IFK
Tampereen Palloilijat 3-4 Turun Palloseura
Turun Palloseura 4–2 Åbo IFK
Savonlinnan Riento 0-4 Viipurin Palloseura
Viipurin Reipas 1-5 Lappeenrannan Urheilu-Miehet
IF Drott Forfeit Vasa IS
Viipurin Palloseura 4–1 Lappeenrannan Urheilu-Miehet
Vaasan Palloseura 6-5 Vasa IS
Second round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 9-2 Helsingin Palloseura
Kronohagens IF 8-3 Turun Palloseura
Vaasan Palloseura 2-11 Helsingin IFK
Viipurin Sudet 3-3 Viipurin Palloseura
Replay
Viipurin Sudet 3-1 Viipurin Palloseura
Quarterfinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Sudet 3-2 Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi
Kronohagens IF 3-3 Helsingin IFK
Replay
Kronohagens IF 1-4 Helsingin IFK
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin IFK 0-5 (0-1) Viipurin Sudet

1930

First round
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Palloseura 8–1 Viipurin Reipas
Lappeenrannan Urheilu-Miehet 4–5 Viipurin Sudet
Turun Palloseura 4–2 Åbo IFK
Vaasan Palloseura 4–4 Vasa IFK
Replay
Vaasan Palloseura 5–3 (3–3) Vasa IFK
Quarterfinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Helsingin Palloseura 1–7 Kronohagens IF
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi 3–4 Viipurin Palloseura
Vaasan Palloseura 1–13 Helsingin IFK
Turun Palloseura 0–4 Viipurin Sudet
Semifinals
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Palloseura 1–2 Viipurin Sudet
Helsingin IFK 1–6 Kronohagens IF
Final
Team 1 Score Team 2
Viipurin Sudet 4–2 (2–2), (2–1) Kronohagens IF

Workers' Championships

1924

The first Workers' Bandy Championship was held in 1924. Five teams (four from Helsinki and one from Tampere) participated in the competition. Helsingin Jyry defeated Tampereen Kisa-Toverit 6-2 in the final.

1925

Not held due to mild winter.

1926

Final: Helsingin Kullervo 4 - Helsingin Jyry 3

1927

First round

Team 1 Score Team 2
Töölön Vesa 14-0 Helsingin Kalervo
Helsingin Kullervo 5-4 (4-4) Helsingin Jyry

Semifinals

Team 1 Score Team 2
Töölön Vesa 5-1 Tampereen Kisa-Toverit
Helsingin Kullervo 15-0 Helsingin Visa

Final

Team 1 Score Team 2
Töölön Vesa 7–4 (4-4) Helsingin Kullervo
1928
Team 1 Score Team 2
Töölön Vesa 2-1 Helsingin Jyry
1929
Team 1 Score Team 2
Töölön Vesa 4-3 (2-2) Helsingin Kullervo
1930
Team 1 Score Team 2
Talikkalan Toverit 3–2 Helsingin Kullervo

References

  1. ↑ Abo Underrattelser, 1921-01-20
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Karjala, 1921-01-18
  3. ↑ Hufvudstadsbladet, 1921-01-27
  4. ↑ Svenska Tidnigen, 1921-02-02
  5. ↑ Hufvudstadsbladet, 1921-02-04
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hufvudstadsbladet, 1921-02-07
  7. ↑ Wiborgs Nyheter, 1921-02-11
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Svenska Tidningen, 1921-02-14
  9. ↑ Wiborgs Nyheter, 1921-02-16
  10. ↑ Karjala, 1921-02-17
  11. ↑ Abo Underrattelser, 1921-02-18
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Hufvudstadsbladet, 1921-02-21
  13. ↑ Hufvudstadsbladet, 1921-03-01
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Wiborgs Nyheter, 1921-01-31
  15. ↑ Wiborgs Nyheter, 1921-03-14
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Hufvudstadsbladet, 1922-01-08
  17. ↑ Hufvudstadsbladet, 1922-01-16
  18. ↑ Svenska Pressen, 1922-01-16
  19. ↑ Hufvudstadsbladet, 1922-01-24
  20. ↑ Hufvudstadsbladet, 1922-01-30
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Hufvudstadsbladet, 1922-01-31
  22. ↑ Svenska Pressen, 1922-02-06
  23. ↑ Vasabladet, 1922-02-19
  24. ↑ Wiborgs Nyheter, 1922-03-20
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Vasabladet, 1922-03-21
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Wiborgs Nyheter, 1922-01-10
  27. ↑ Wiborgs Nyheter, 1922-02-20
  28. ↑ Hufvudstadsbladet, 1922-03-13


Origins of Hockey
By Country:    Austria • Finland • Germany • Great Britain • Hungary • Netherlands • Norway • Russia • Sweden • Switzerland
Key Propagators:   Harold Blackett • Franjo Bucar • James Creighton • George Meagher • Pim Mulier • Peter Patton • William Pollock Wylie • Josef Rossler-Orovsky • Tebbutt Family
Other topics:   First indoor hockey game (1875) • Early Canadian Seasons (1875-1886) • Halifax Rules • Montreal Rules
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