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| current_season = 2018-19 DEL2 season
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'''DEL2''', also known as '''DEL II''', is the second-level of ice hockey in [[Germany]], below the ''[[Deutsche Eishockey Liga]]'' (German Ice Hockey League). Founded in 2013, it is administered by the ''[[Eishockeyspielbetriebsgesellschaft]]'' (ESBG).
'''DEL2''', also known as '''DEL II''', is the second-level of ice hockey in [[Germany]], below the ''[[Deutsche Eishockey Liga]]'' (German Ice Hockey League). Founded in 2013 to replace the defunct ''[[2nd Bundesliga]]'', DEL2 is administered by ESBG, under licence from [[German Ice Hockey Federation|DEB]].


In September 2015 the DEL and DEL2 agreed to reintroduce promotion and relegation between the two leagues from the 2017–18 season onwards. The DEL2 champion would then have the opportunity to be promoted, provided it fulfilled the licensing requirements of the DEL, while the last-placed DEL club would be relegated.
==History==


==Participating teams==
The DEL2 league was founded on 2 May 2013 by Eishockeyliga Betriebsgesellschaft mbH. The foundation of the league was controversial as it was preceded by a long standing dispute between the operator of the second division, Eishockeyspielbetriebsgesellschaft mbH (ESBG), and the [[German Ice Hockey Federation]] (DEB).<ref name="founding">{{cite web | url=http://eishockeynews.de/aktuell/artikel/2013/05/03/trennung-vom-deb-kaum-mehr-zu-verhindern-rupp-herr-harnos-hat-uns-verarscht.html | title=DEL II-GmbH ist gegründet: Trennung vom DEB kaum mehr zu verhindern - Rupp: "Herr Harnos hat uns verarscht" | publisher=www.eishockeynews.de | first=Tobias | last=Welck | date=2013-05-03 | access-date=2019-08-27 | language=de }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ DEL2 Teams: 2019–20 Season<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.del-2.org/nachrichten/del2/2483-del2_startet_mit_14_teams_in_die_neue_saison.html |title=  
In 2011, ESBG refused to sign a cooperation agreement between DEB and DEL citing unacceptable conditions. As a result, DEB withdrew their support of ESBG and promotion and relegation between the DEL and 2nd division was removed.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.kicker.de/news/eishockey/startseite/555764/artikel_deb-und-del-einigen-sich.html | title=Kooperationsvertrag bis 2018: Kein Auf- und Abstieg – DEB und DEL einigen sich | publisher=www.kicker.de | date=2011-07-28 | access-date=2019-08-27 | language=de }}</ref> On 18 April 2013, the Eishockeyliga Betriebsgesellschaft mbH was established by Ernst Rupp, CEO of [[Heilbronn Falcons]].<ref name="founding"/> The new company was founded with the goal of reforming a new second division league. The new company quickly aligned with DEL and officially founded the new league on 2 May 2013. The DEB responded by labelling the new league an unsanctioned breakaway competition. ESBG subsequently filed an injunction against DEB in the Munich Regional Court. On 17 July 2013, the DEB, second division clubs and ESBG came to an out of court settlement on the matter. The settlement agreement between ESBG and DEB stipulated the status-quo of ESBG running the second division operations until 2018. Post 2018, the league would then be separated and self-run.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.merkur.de/sport/eishockey/sc-riessersee/contra-esbg-ralph-bader-rolle-mediators-2659088.html | title=DEB contra ESBG: Ralph Bader in der Rolle des Mediators | publisher=www.merkur.de | date=2012-10-10 | access-date=2019-08-27 | language=de }}</ref>
DEL2 startet mit 14 Teams in die neue Saison |trans-title= DEL2 starts new season with 14 teams |language= German |publisher= DEL2 |accessdate= 2016-07-06}}</ref>
|-
In 2014, the league expanded to include fourteen teams, the same number as the DEL. DEL2 had started with just twelve teams in the 2013/14 season.<ref name="del2teams">{{cite web | url=http://www.shorthandednews.de/das-maerchen-vom-funktionierenden-auf-und-abstieg/ | title=Das Märchen vom funktionierenden Auf- und Abstieg | publisher=www.shorthandednews.de | first=Vincent | last=Kruchen | date=2018-04-03 | access-date=2019-08-27 }}</ref>
! rowspan=2|Team
! rowspan=2|Location
In April 2015, DEB altered its statutes so clubs associated with DEL and DEL2 could become members of the DEB again.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/sport/wintersport/eishockey-deb-praesident-setzt-reformen-durch-13545779.html | title=DEB-Präsident Reindl setzt Reformen durch | publisher=www.faz.net | date=2015-04-18 | access-date=2019-08-27 | language=de }}</ref> This decision by DEB led to a new agreement being reached between DEL and DEL2 in September 2015 to re-enable promotion and relegatio] between the two leagues. This system implemented was based on sporting achievement but came with specified condition caveats on the DEL2 team wishing to obtain promotion.<ref>[http://www.kicker.de/news/eishockey/startseite/634670/artikel_del_rueckkehr-zu-auf--und-abstieg-fahrplan-steht.html DEL: Rückkehr zu Auf- und Abstieg? Fahrplan steht!]  ''kicker.de'', published: 8 September 2015, accessed: 22 September 2015</ref>
! rowspan=2|Arena
! rowspan=2|Capacity
At the conclusion of the 2015/16 season, DEL2 was recognised as the best-supported second-tier hockey league in Europe. DEL2 had average spectator attendances of 2,688 per match.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/attendance-2015-2016/|title=EUROPEAN ATTENDANCE RANKING PUBLISHED|website=iihf.com|publisher=[[International Ice Hockey Federation]]|access-date= 28 June 2016}}</ref>
! rowspan=2|Founded
! rowspan=2|Joined league
1 July 2016, the DEL2 club [[Fischtown Pinguins]] became the first club from DEL2 to be ‘unofficially’ promoted to DEL. The Pinguins were not promoted through the DEL/DEL2 promotion system but instead applied for a vacated licence in DEL, following the withdrawal of the [[Hamburg Freezers]] who ceased operations on 24 May 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/eishockey/startseite/654892/artikel_bremerhaven-wird-del-standort.html|title=Bremerhaven wird DEL-Standort|date=1 July 2015 |website=kicker.de |publisher=Kicker (sports magazine) |access-date= 2 July 2016|language=de|trans-title=Bremerhaven joins the DEL}}</ref>
In 2017, the DEL2 and [[Oberliga (ice hockey)|Oberliga]] (German third division) reached agreement for the introduction of promotion and relegation between the two divisions. The first ever DEL2 relegation occurred at the end of the season with [[Starbulls Rosenheim]] relegated to Oberliga.<ref name="del2teams"/>
As of 2018, no DEL2 team had been able to meet the conditions for promotion to DEL. This led to new negotiations between the two leagues and in July 2018 a new agreement was reached to introduce automatic promotion and relegation between the two divisions, starting in the 2020/21 season, ten years after it was taken away.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://webarchive.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=12867&cHash=23bc2159c61d3c770ab70a31e32e90ff | title=Promotion returns to Germany | publisher=www.iihf.com | first=Martin | last=Merk | date=2018-07-27 | access-date=2019-08-27 | archive-date=2020-10-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024152105/http://webarchive.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=12867&cHash=23bc2159c61d3c770ab70a31e32e90ff | url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
==Champions==
The champions, runners-up and regular season premiers of the league standings:
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
! style="background:#a01720;" colspan="17"| <span style="color:white;"> DEL2 season-by-season results</span>
|-
|-
|'''[[EC Bad Nauheim]]'''
! rowspan=2|Season
|[[Bad Nauheim]]
! colspan=2|Regular season
|[[Colonel Knight Stadion]]
! colspan=10|Playoffs
|align="center"|4,500
! colspan=2|Top scorer
|align="center"|1982
! rowspan=2|Promoted team
|align="center"|2013
! rowspan=2|Relegated team
|-
|-
|'''[[EHC Bayreuth]]'''
! Premiers !! {{Tooltip|Pts|Points}} !! Champions !! Result !! Runners-up !! {{Tooltip|G1|Game 1}} !! {{Tooltip|G2|Game 2}} !! {{Tooltip|G3|Game 3}} !! {{Tooltip|G4|Game 4}} !! {{Tooltip|G5|Game 5}} !! {{Tooltip|G6|Game 6}} !! {{Tooltip|G7|Game 7}} !! Player !! {{Tooltip|Pts|Points (goals+Assists)}}
|[[Bayreuth]]
|-
|[[Städtisches Kunsteisstadion Bayreuth]]
| [[2013–14 DEL2 season|2013–14]] || [[Fischtown Pinguins]] || 104 || bgcolor="gold"|[[Fischtown Pinguins]] || 4:1 || [[Bietigheim Steelers]] || 4:3 || 2:3 || 4:3 || 4:2 || 3:2 || - || - || align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} Harrison Reed || 90 || - || -
|align="center"|4,555
|-
|align="center"|2006
| [[2014–15 DEL2 season|2014–15]] || [[Bietigheim Steelers]] || 114 || bgcolor="gold"|[[Bietigheim Steelers]] || 4:2 || [[Fischtown Pinguins]] || 4:3 || 3:4 || 4:3 || 4:3 || 1:6 || 4:3 || - || align="left"|{{flagicon|USA}} Mike Collins || 81 || - || -
|align="center"|2016
|-
| [[2015–16 DEL2 season|2015–16]] || [[Bietigheim Steelers]] || 111 || bgcolor="gold"|[[EC Kassel Huskies]] || 4:0 || [[Bietigheim Steelers]] || 1:0 || 3:2 || 3:2 || 5:2 || - || - || - || align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} Justin Kelly || 85 || [[Fischtown Pinguins]] || -
|-
| [[2016-17 DEL2 season|2016–17]] || [[Bietigheim Steelers]] || 109 || bgcolor="gold"|[[Löwen Frankfurt]] || 4:2 || [[Bietigheim Steelers]] || 7:5 || 4:0 || 4:2 || 2:3 || 1:2 || 5:2 || - || align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} Matt McKnight || 72 || - || [[Starbulls Rosenheim]]
|-
| [[2017-18 DEL2 season|2017–18]] || [[SC Riessersee]] || 103 || bgcolor="gold"|[[Bietigheim Steelers]] || 4:1 || [[SC Riessersee]] || 3:1 || 3:5 || 2:1 || 6:3 || 2:0 || - || - || align="left"|{{flagicon|GER}} Richard Mueller || 80 || - || [[SC Riessersee]]
|-
| [[2018-19 DEL2 season|2018–19]] || [[Löwen Frankfurt]] || 97 || bgcolor="gold"|[[Ravensburg Towerstars]] || 4:2 || [[Löwen Frankfurt]] || 5:3 || 1:3 || 6:5 || 7:4 || 1:3 || 5:1 || - || align="left"|{{flagicon|FIN}} Roope Ranta || 79 || - || [[Deggendorfer SC]]
|-
|-
|'''[[Bietigheim Steelers]]'''
| [[2019–20 DEL2 season|2019–20]] ||[[Löwen Frankfurt]] || 94|| colspan="10"|Play-offs '''cancelled''' due to the coronavirus pandemic|| align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} Dylan Wruck || 88 || - || -
|[[Bietigheim-Bissingen]]
|[[EgeTransArena]]
|align="center"|4,500
|align="center"|1981
|align="center"|2013
|-
|-
|'''[[Eispiraten Crimmitschau]]'''
| [[2020–21 DEL2 season|2020–21]] || [[Kassel Huskies]] || 112 || bgcolor="gold"|[[Bietigheim Steelers]] || 3:2 || [[Kassel Huskies]] || 1:2 || 1:4 || 3:2 || 5:4 || 5:2 || - || - || align="left"|{{flagicon|GER}} Marco Pfleger || 86 || [[Bietigheim Steelers]] || -
|[[Crimmitschau]]
|[[Eisstadion im Sahnpark]]
|align="center"|5,222
|align="center"|1990
|align="center"|2013
|-
|-
|'''[[Dresdner Eislöwen]]'''
| [[2021–22 DEL2 season|2021–22]] || [[Löwen Frankfurt]] || 112 || bgcolor="gold"|[[Löwen Frankfurt]] || 4:0 || [[Ravensburg Towerstars]] || 7:0 || 3:1 || 1:0 || 2:1 || - || - || - || align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} Peter Quenneville || 80 || [[Löwen Frankfurt]] || [[EC Bad Tölz|Tölzer Löwen]]
|[[Dresden]]
|[[EnergieVerbund Arena]]
|align="center"|4,200
|align="center"|1990
|align="center"|2013
|-
|-
|'''[[Löwen Frankfurt]]'''
| [[2022–23 DEL2 season|2022–23]] || [[Kassel Huskies]] || 131 || bgcolor="gold"|[[Ravensburg Towerstars]] || 4:1 || [[EC Bad Nauheim]] || 4:2 || 0:3 || 5:2 || 3:1 || 7:3 || - || - || align="left"|{{flagicon|GER}} Marcel Müller || 70 || - || [[Heilbronner Falken]]
|[[Frankfurt]]
|[[Eissporthalle Frankfurt]]
|align="center"|6,990
|align="center"|2010
|align="center"|2014
|-
|-
|'''[[EHC Freiburg]]'''
|[[Freiburg im Breisgau]]
|[[Franz Siegel Stadion]]
|align="center"|5,800
|align="center"|1984
|align="center"|2015
|-
|'''[[Heilbronner Falken]]'''
|[[Heilbronn]]
|[[Kolbenschmidt Arena]]
|align="center"|4,000
|align="center"|1980
|align="center"|2013
|-
|'''[[Kassel Huskies]]'''
|[[Kassel]]
|[[Eissporthalle Kassel]]
|align="center"|6,100
|align="center"|1977
|align="center"|2014
|-
|'''[[ESV Kaufbeuren]]'''
|[[Kaufbeuren]]
|[[Erdgas Schwaben Arena]]
|align="center"|3,100
|align="center"|1946
|align="center"|2013
|-
|'''[[EV Landshut]]'''
|[[Landshut]]
|[[Eisstadion am Gutenbergweg]]
|align="center"|6,750
|align="center"|1948
|align="center"|2019
|-
|'''[[Lausitzer Füchse]]'''
|[[Weißwasser]]
|[[Eisarena Weißwasser]]
|align="center"|3,050
|align="center"|1932
|align="center"|2013
|-
|'''[[Ravensburg Towerstars]]'''
|[[Ravensburg]]
|[[Eissporthalle Ravensburg]]
|align="center"|3,300
|align="center"|1881
|align="center"|2013
|-
|'''[[EC Bad Tölz|Tölzer Löwen]]'''
|[[Bad Tölz]]
|[[Hacker-Pschorr-Arena]]
|align="center"|4,115
|align="center"|1928
|align="center"|2017
|}
===Former teams===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Former DEL2 Teams:
|-
! Team !! Location !! Years in league
|-
| [[Deggendorfer SC]] || [[Deggendorf]] || 2018–2019
|-
| [[EV Landshut]] || [[Landshut]] || 2013–2015
|-
|[[Fischtown Pinguins]] || [[Bremerhaven]] || 2013–2016
|-
| [[Starbulls Rosenheim]] || [[Rosenheim]] || 2013–2017
|}
==Champions==
{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
| '''Season'''
| '''Champions'''
| '''Runners-up'''
| '''Regular Season'''
|- align="center"
| [[2013–14 DEL2 season|2013–14]]
| '''[[Fischtown Pinguins]]'''
| [[Bietigheim Steelers]]
| Fischtown Pinguins
|- align="center"
| [[2014–15 DEL2 season|2014–15]]
| '''Bietigheim Steelers'''
| Fischtown Pinguins
| Bietigheim Steelers
|- align="center"
| [[2015–16 DEL2 season|2015–16]]
| '''[[Kassel Huskies]]'''
| Bietigheim Steelers
| Bietigheim Steelers
|- align="center"
| [[2016-17 DEL2 season|2016-17]]
| '''[[Löwen Frankfurt]]'''
| Bietigheim Steelers
| Bietigheim Steelers
|- align="center"
| [[2017-18 DEL2 season|2017-18]]
| '''Bietigheim Steelers'''
| [[SC Riessersee]]
| SC Riessersee
|- align="center"
| [[2018-19 DEL2 season|2018-19]]
| '''Ravensburg Towerstars'''
| Löwen Frankfurt
| Löwen Frankfurt
|}
|}
*[[2023–24 DEL2 season|2023–24]]: Eisbären Regensburg


==External links==
==External links==

Latest revision as of 20:26, 16 July 2024

DEL2
DEL2 logo.png
Sport Ice hockey
Founded 2013
Inaugural season 2013–14
No. of teams 14
Country(ies) Flag of Germany Germany
Official website http://www.del-2.org/
Related competitions DEL and Oberliga

DEL2, also known as DEL II, is the second-level of ice hockey in Germany, below the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (German Ice Hockey League). Founded in 2013 to replace the defunct 2nd Bundesliga, DEL2 is administered by ESBG, under licence from DEB.

History

The DEL2 league was founded on 2 May 2013 by Eishockeyliga Betriebsgesellschaft mbH. The foundation of the league was controversial as it was preceded by a long standing dispute between the operator of the second division, Eishockeyspielbetriebsgesellschaft mbH (ESBG), and the German Ice Hockey Federation (DEB).[1]

In 2011, ESBG refused to sign a cooperation agreement between DEB and DEL citing unacceptable conditions. As a result, DEB withdrew their support of ESBG and promotion and relegation between the DEL and 2nd division was removed.[2] On 18 April 2013, the Eishockeyliga Betriebsgesellschaft mbH was established by Ernst Rupp, CEO of Heilbronn Falcons.[1] The new company was founded with the goal of reforming a new second division league. The new company quickly aligned with DEL and officially founded the new league on 2 May 2013. The DEB responded by labelling the new league an unsanctioned breakaway competition. ESBG subsequently filed an injunction against DEB in the Munich Regional Court. On 17 July 2013, the DEB, second division clubs and ESBG came to an out of court settlement on the matter. The settlement agreement between ESBG and DEB stipulated the status-quo of ESBG running the second division operations until 2018. Post 2018, the league would then be separated and self-run.[3]

In 2014, the league expanded to include fourteen teams, the same number as the DEL. DEL2 had started with just twelve teams in the 2013/14 season.[4]

In April 2015, DEB altered its statutes so clubs associated with DEL and DEL2 could become members of the DEB again.[5] This decision by DEB led to a new agreement being reached between DEL and DEL2 in September 2015 to re-enable promotion and relegatio] between the two leagues. This system implemented was based on sporting achievement but came with specified condition caveats on the DEL2 team wishing to obtain promotion.[6]

At the conclusion of the 2015/16 season, DEL2 was recognised as the best-supported second-tier hockey league in Europe. DEL2 had average spectator attendances of 2,688 per match.[7]

1 July 2016, the DEL2 club Fischtown Pinguins became the first club from DEL2 to be ‘unofficially’ promoted to DEL. The Pinguins were not promoted through the DEL/DEL2 promotion system but instead applied for a vacated licence in DEL, following the withdrawal of the Hamburg Freezers who ceased operations on 24 May 2016.[8]

In 2017, the DEL2 and Oberliga (German third division) reached agreement for the introduction of promotion and relegation between the two divisions. The first ever DEL2 relegation occurred at the end of the season with Starbulls Rosenheim relegated to Oberliga.[4]

As of 2018, no DEL2 team had been able to meet the conditions for promotion to DEL. This led to new negotiations between the two leagues and in July 2018 a new agreement was reached to introduce automatic promotion and relegation between the two divisions, starting in the 2020/21 season, ten years after it was taken away.[9]

Champions

The champions, runners-up and regular season premiers of the league standings:

DEL2 season-by-season results
Season Regular season Playoffs Top scorer Promoted team Relegated team
Premiers Pts Champions Result Runners-up G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 Player Pts
2013–14 Fischtown Pinguins 104 Fischtown Pinguins 4:1 Bietigheim Steelers 4:3 2:3 4:3 4:2 3:2 - - Flag of Canada Harrison Reed 90 - -
2014–15 Bietigheim Steelers 114 Bietigheim Steelers 4:2 Fischtown Pinguins 4:3 3:4 4:3 4:3 1:6 4:3 - Flag of United States Mike Collins 81 - -
2015–16 Bietigheim Steelers 111 EC Kassel Huskies 4:0 Bietigheim Steelers 1:0 3:2 3:2 5:2 - - - Flag of Canada Justin Kelly 85 Fischtown Pinguins -
2016–17 Bietigheim Steelers 109 Löwen Frankfurt 4:2 Bietigheim Steelers 7:5 4:0 4:2 2:3 1:2 5:2 - Flag of Canada Matt McKnight 72 - Starbulls Rosenheim
2017–18 SC Riessersee 103 Bietigheim Steelers 4:1 SC Riessersee 3:1 3:5 2:1 6:3 2:0 - - Flag of Germany Richard Mueller 80 - SC Riessersee
2018–19 Löwen Frankfurt 97 Ravensburg Towerstars 4:2 Löwen Frankfurt 5:3 1:3 6:5 7:4 1:3 5:1 - Flag of Finland Roope Ranta 79 - Deggendorfer SC
2019–20 Löwen Frankfurt 94 Play-offs cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic Flag of Canada Dylan Wruck 88 - -
2020–21 Kassel Huskies 112 Bietigheim Steelers 3:2 Kassel Huskies 1:2 1:4 3:2 5:4 5:2 - - Flag of Germany Marco Pfleger 86 Bietigheim Steelers -
2021–22 Löwen Frankfurt 112 Löwen Frankfurt 4:0 Ravensburg Towerstars 7:0 3:1 1:0 2:1 - - - Flag of Canada Peter Quenneville 80 Löwen Frankfurt Tölzer Löwen
2022–23 Kassel Huskies 131 Ravensburg Towerstars 4:1 EC Bad Nauheim 4:2 0:3 5:2 3:1 7:3 - - Flag of Germany Marcel Müller 70 - Heilbronner Falken

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Welck, Tobias (2013-05-03). "DEL II-GmbH ist gegründet: Trennung vom DEB kaum mehr zu verhindern - Rupp: "Herr Harnos hat uns verarscht"" (in de). www.eishockeynews.de. http://eishockeynews.de/aktuell/artikel/2013/05/03/trennung-vom-deb-kaum-mehr-zu-verhindern-rupp-herr-harnos-hat-uns-verarscht.html. 
  2. ↑ "Kooperationsvertrag bis 2018: Kein Auf- und Abstieg – DEB und DEL einigen sich" (in de). www.kicker.de. 2011-07-28. http://www.kicker.de/news/eishockey/startseite/555764/artikel_deb-und-del-einigen-sich.html. 
  3. ↑ "DEB contra ESBG: Ralph Bader in der Rolle des Mediators" (in de). www.merkur.de. 2012-10-10. https://www.merkur.de/sport/eishockey/sc-riessersee/contra-esbg-ralph-bader-rolle-mediators-2659088.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kruchen, Vincent (2018-04-03). "Das Märchen vom funktionierenden Auf- und Abstieg". www.shorthandednews.de. http://www.shorthandednews.de/das-maerchen-vom-funktionierenden-auf-und-abstieg/. 
  5. ↑ "DEB-Präsident Reindl setzt Reformen durch" (in de). www.faz.net. 2015-04-18. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/sport/wintersport/eishockey-deb-praesident-setzt-reformen-durch-13545779.html. 
  6. ↑ DEL: Rückkehr zu Auf- und Abstieg? Fahrplan steht! kicker.de, published: 8 September 2015, accessed: 22 September 2015
  7. ↑ "EUROPEAN ATTENDANCE RANKING PUBLISHED". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/attendance-2015-2016/. 
  8. ↑ "Bremerhaven wird DEL-Standort" (in de). Kicker (sports magazine). 1 July 2015. http://www.kicker.de/news/eishockey/startseite/654892/artikel_bremerhaven-wird-del-standort.html. 
  9. ↑ Merk, Martin (2018-07-27). "Promotion returns to Germany". www.iihf.com. http://webarchive.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=12867&cHash=23bc2159c61d3c770ab70a31e32e90ff. 
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Czechoslovakia - Interliga - Low Countries Cup

Junior Leagues
Austria - Belarus - Belgium - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bulgaria - Croatia - Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia) - Denmark - Estonia - Finland - France - Germany (East Germany) - Great Britain - Hungary - Iceland - Italy - Kazakhstan - Latvia - Lithuania - Netherlands - Norway - Poland - Romania - Russia (Soviet Union) - Serbia - Slovakia - Slovenia - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - Turkey - Ukraine - Yugoslavia
University Leagues
European University Hockey League - Czech Republic - Great Britain - Netherlands - Russia (RSHL, MSHL, SHLC, SHLMO, SibSHL, SPSHL) - Sweden
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