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{{Infobox International Ice Hockey Competition
| tourney_name =
| year = 1948
| other_titles =
| image = 48Oly.jpg
| size = 200px
| caption =
| country = Switzerland
| dates = 30 January–8 February
| num_teams = 9
| venues = [[St. Moritz Olympic Ice Rink]] [[Suvretta]] [[Kulm (ice rink)|Kulm]]
| cities = 1
| winners = Canada
| winners-flagvar = 1921
| count = 4
| second = Czechoslovakia
| third = Switzerland
| fourth = Sweden
| games = 36
| goals = 482
| attendance =
| scoring_leader = {{flagicon|CAN|1921}} [[Walter Halder]] (29 points)
| mvp =
| prevseason = [[1947 World Ice Hockey Championships|1947]] or [[1936 Winter Olympics]]
| nextseason = [[1949 World Ice Hockey Championships|1949]] or [[1952 Winter Olympics]]
}}
In '''Ice hockey''' at the '''1948 Winter Olympics''', [[Canada men's national ice hockey team|Canada]] returned to its dominance, winning their fourth Gold Medal out of the first five Olympic Games. Additionally it marked Canada's twelfth [[Ice Hockey World Championships|World Championship]], and [[Czechoslovakia national ice hockey team|Czechoslovakia]]'s eighth [[Ice Hockey European Championships|European Championship]].

==Rival United States teams==
The tournament was marred by controversy before the Games began. The United States sent two hockey teams to compete in St. Moritz, which nearly caused the cancellation of the entire tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=1948-Winter Olympics V (St. Moritz, Switzerland)|publisher=CTV global media|url=http://www.tsn.ca/olympics/feature/?fid=10268|accessdate=2009-05-28}}</ref><ref name=time>{{cite news|title=Storms over St. Moritz|work=Time Magazine|publisher=Time Inc.|date=1948-02-09|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,856028,00.html?iid=chix-sphere|accessdate=2009-05-26}}</ref> At the center of the issue was amateurism.<ref name=findling316>Findling & Pelle (2004), p. 316</ref> One team was sponsored by the [[Amateur Athletic Union]] (AAU) and the [[United States Olympic Committee]] (USOC). The USOC was responsible for determining American participation in the Games.<ref name=findling316/> The other team was sponsored by the [[USA Hockey|Amateur Hockey Association]] (AHA) and the [[Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace]] (LIHG). The LIHG, under the guidance of founder Wilhelm "Willie" Bernfeld, was responsible for approving the participation of national hockey teams at the Olympics.<ref name=findling317>Findling & Pelle (2004), p. 317</ref> The AHA openly allowed professional players on their teams, and the team sent to St. Moritz was composed of professionals, whereas the AAU team was strictly made up of amateurs.<ref name=findling317/> No resolution was reached before the Games and both teams arrived at St. Moritz ready to play. This created a tense showdown between the USOC's president, Avery Brundage, the LIHG, the Swiss organizing committee and the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC was responsible for the overall running of the Games. The IOC initially ruled that neither team could compete. This incensed the LIHG, which threatened to boycott the Olympics, effectively ending the hockey tournament.<ref name=findling317/> The Swiss organizing committee, fearing this eventuality, ignored the IOC's ruling and allowed the AHA team to play in the tournament and the AAU team to march in the opening ceremony. Eventually the parties agreed to allow the AHA team to play but they would receive no official ranking in the Olympic tournament, and they would not be eligible to win a medal.<ref name=findling317/> Because this tournament was also the LIHG (forerunner of the [[IIHF]]) World Championship, they maintained a fourth place in that ranking.<ref>[http://www.passionhockey.com/hockeyarchives/JO1948.htm Results and commentary in french]</ref>

==Final tournament==
The tournament was run in a round-robin format with nine teams participating. The Canadians had seven wins and one tie against the team from Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia also won seven games. The tournament was decided on goal average. Canada outscored their opponents 69:5 (a 13.8 goal average). The Czechoslovakia team outscored their opponents 80:18 (a 4.44 goal average). On the final day the Swiss watched the Czechoslovaks beat the Americans dashing their gold medal aspirations, and then lost their opportunity for silver in a loss to Canada, finishing with a bronze.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rapport General sur les Ves Jeux Olympiques D'Hiver St Moritz 1948|publisher=la84foundation.org|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1948/ORW1948.pdf|accessdate=2012-05-22}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! Medal
! Team
|-
| bgcolor="gold" | Gold
|{{ih|CAN|1921}}
|-
| bgcolor="silver" | Silver
|{{ih|TCH}}
|-
| bgcolor="cc9966" | Bronze
|{{ih|SUI}}
|}

{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="120"|
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|Pld
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|W
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|L
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|T
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|GF
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|GA
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|Pts
|- align=center bgcolor="#ffde4f"
|align=left| {{ih|CAN|1921}}
|8||7||0||1||69||5||'''15'''
|- align=center bgcolor="#dfdfdf"
|align=left| {{ih|TCH}}
|8||7||0||1||80||18||'''15'''
|- align=center bgcolor="#ffbb43"
|align=left| {{ih|SUI}}
|8||6||2||0||67||21||'''12'''
|- align=center
|align=left| {{ih|SWE}}
|8||4||4||0||55||28||'''8'''
|- align=center
|align=left| {{ih|Great Britain}}
|8||3||5||0||39||47||'''6'''
|- align=center
|align=left| {{ih|POL}}
|8||2||6||0||29||97||'''4'''
|- align=center
|align=left| {{ih|AUT}}
|8||1||7||0||33||77||'''2'''
|- align=center
|align=left| {{ih|ITA}}
|8||0||8||0||24||156||'''0'''
|- align=center
|align=left| {{ih|USA|1912}} *
|8||5||3||0||86||33||'''10'''
|}
'''*''' United States team was disqualified. Only eight teams are officially ranked.

==Results==

*'''January 30'''
**Switzerland 5-4 USA
**Canada 3-1 Sweden
**Poland 7-5 Austria
**Czechoslovakia 22-3 Italy

*'''January 31'''
**USA 23-4 Poland
**Czechoslovakia 6-3 Sweden
**Switzerland 16-0 Italy
**United Kingdom 5-4 Austria

*'''February 1'''
**Canada 3-0 United Kingdom
**USA 31-1 Italy
**Switzerland 11-2 Austria
**Czechoslovakia 13-1 Poland

*'''February 2'''
**Sweden 7-1 Austria
**Canada 15-0 Poland
**Czechoslovakia 11-4 United Kingdom

*'''February 3'''
**Canada 21-1 Italy
**USA 5-2 Sweden

*'''February 4'''
**Czechoslovakia 17-3 Austria
**Poland 13-7 Italy
**Switzerland 12-3 United Kingdom

*'''February 5'''
**Austria 16-5 Italy
**United Kingdom 7-2 Poland
**Switzerland 8-2 Sweden
**Canada 12-3 USA

*'''February 6'''
**Switzerland 14-0 Poland
**Canada 0-0 Czechoslovakia
**Sweden 4-3 United Kingdom
**USA 13-2 Austria

*'''February 7'''
**USA 4-3 United Kingdom
**Czechoslovakia 7-1 Switzerland
**Canada 12-0 Austria
**Sweden 23-0 Italy

*'''February 8'''
**United Kingdom 14-7 Italy
**Czechoslovakia 4-3 USA
**Canada 3-0 Switzerland
**Sweden 13-2 Poland

==Top scorer==
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="120"|Team
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|GP
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|G
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|A
!bgcolor="#efefef" width="20"|Pts
|- align=center
|align=left|{{flagicon|CAN|1921}} [[Walter Halder]]
|8||21||8||29
|}

==European Championship medal table==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:200px;"
|- style="background:gold;"
|align=center|[[Image:gold medal icon.png]]|| {{ih|TCH}}
|- style="background:silver;"
|align=center|[[Image:silver medal icon.png]]|| {{ih|SUI}}
|- style="background:peru;"
|align=center|[[Image:bronze medal icon.png]]|| {{ih|SWE}}
|-
|align=center|4|| {{ih|GBR}}
|-
|align=center|5|| {{ih|POL}}
|-
|align=center|6|| {{ih|AUT}}
|-
|align=center|7|| {{ih|ITA}}
|}

==Team rosters==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top"
|-
! style="width:7%" | Place
! style="width:16%" | Team
! style="width:77%" | Player
|- bgcolor="#F7F6A8"
| 1 || {{Flag|Canada|1921}}
| align="left" | Murray Dowey, Bernard Dunster, Jean Gravelle, Patrick Guzzo, Walter Halder, Thomas Hibberd, Henri-André Laperrière, John Lecompte, George Mara, Albert Roméo Renaud, Reginald Schroeter, Irving Taylor
|- bgcolor="#DCE5E5"
| 2 || {{TCH}}
| align="left" | Vladimír Bouzek, Gustav Bubník, Jaroslav Drobný, Přemysl Hajný, Zdenek Jarkovský, Vladimir Kobranov, Stanislav Konopásek, Bohumil Modrý, Miloslav Pokorný, Václav Rozinák, Miroslav Sláma, Karel Stibor, Vilibald Štovík, Ladislav Troják, Josef Trousílek, Oldrich Zábrodský, Vladimír Zábrodský
|-bgcolor="#FFDAB9"
| 3 || {{SUI}}
| align="left" | Hans Bänninger, Alfred Bieler, Heinrich Boller, Ferdinand Cattini, Hans Cattini, Hans Dürst, Walter Dürst, Emil Handschin, Werner Lohrer, Heini Lohrer, Reto Perl, Ulrich Poltera, Gebhard Poltera, Beat Rüedi, Otto Schubiger, Riccardo Torriani, Hans Trepp
|-
| 4 || {{USA}}
| align="left" | Al Opsahl, Bruce Mather, Bruce Cunliffe, Donald Geary, Fred Pearson, Goodwin Harding, Herb Vaningen, Jack Kirrane, Jr., Jack Riley, Jr., Jack Garrity, Ralph Warburton, Robert Baker, Bob Boeser, Stan Priddy
|-
| 5 || {{SWE}}
| align="left" | Stig Andersson, Åke Andersson, Stig Carlsson, Åke Ericson, Rolf Ericsson, Svante Granlund, Arne Johansson, Rune Johansson, Gunnar Landelius, Klas Lindström, Lars Ljungman, Holger Nurmela, Bror Pettersson, Rolf Pettersson, Kurt Svanberg, Sven Thunman
|-
| 6 || {{GBR}}
| align="left" | Lennie Baker, George Baillie, Jimmy Chappell, Gerry Davey, Freddie Dunkelman, Art Green, Frankie Green, Frank Jardine, Johnny Murray, Johnny Oxley, Stan Simon, Bert Smith, Archie Stinchcombe, Tom Syme
|-
| 7 || {{POL}}
| align="left" | Henryk Bromowicz, Mieczysław Burda, Stefan Csorich, Zygmunt Ginter, Alfred Gansiniec, Tomasz Jasiński, Mieczysław Kasprzycki, Bolesław Kolasa, Adam Kowalski, Eugeniusz Lewacki, Jan Maciejko, Czesław Marchewczyk, Mieczysław Palus, Henryk Przeździecki, Hilary Skarżyński, Maksymilian Więcek, Ernest Ziaja
|-
| 8 || {{AUT}}
| align="left" | Franz Csöngei, Friedrich Demmer, Egon Engel, Walter Feistritzer, Gustav Gross, Fredl Huber, Julius Juhn, Oskar Nowak, Hansjörg Reichel, Hans Schneider, Willibald Stanek, Herbert Ulrich, Friedrich Walter, Helfried Winger, Rudolf Wurmbrandt
|-
| 9 || {{ITA}}
| align="left" | Claudio Apollonio, Giancarlo Bassi, Mario Bedogni, Luigi Bestagini, Giancarlo Bucchetti, Carlo Bulgheroni, Ignazio Dionisi, Arnaldo Fabris, Vincenzo Fardella, Aldo Federici, Umberto Gerli, Dino Innocenti, Constanzo Mangini, Dino Menardi, Otto Rauth, Franco Rossi, Gianantonio Zopegni
|}

==Team Photos==

<gallery widths="220" captionalign="center">
RCAF1948_small.jpg|[[Canada]]
1948Czechoslovakia.jpg|[[Czechoslovakia]]
1948UnitedStates.jpg|[[United States]]
48Britain.jpg|[[Great Britain]]
</gallery>

==References==
*{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement|last1=Findling|first1=John E.|last2=Pelle|first2=Kimberly D.|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport CT.|year=2004|isbn=0-313-32278-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0C&pg=PA283&dq=winter+games+at+the+1912+summer+olympics&ei=RT65Sfh0jq6QBN_PyMML#PPA283,M1|accessdate=}}
* [http://www.passionhockey.com/hockeyarchives/JO1948.htm Jeux Olympiques de Saint-Moritz 1948]
{{reflist}}

{{Ice Hockey World Championships}}
{{IIHF Ice Hockey European Championships}}
{{Wikipedia}}
[[Category:1948 in ice hockey|Olympics, Winter]]
[[Category:Ice hockey at the Olympic Games|1948]]
[[Category:IIHF Men's World Ice Hockey Championships|1948]]

1948 Winter Olympics - Revision history

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