View source for Western Canada Hockey League

The '''Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL)''', founded in [[1921–22 WCHL season|1921]], was a major professional [[ice hockey]] league originally based in the prairies of Canada. It was renamed the '''Western Hockey League''' (WHL) in 1925 and disbanded in 1926.

==History==
{{Emergence of the NHL}}

===Background===

The [[Stanley Cup]] was donated in 1893 to serve as a trophy to be awarded to the national champion of Canadian amateur ice hockey. Initially a challenge cup, the trophy eventually became open to professional teams in 1906 and a new trophy, the [[Allan Cup]] was donated to serve as the national amateur trophy. By this time, the prairie provinces were being rapidly settled and in 1914 a team based in Saskatchewan (the [[Regina Victorias]]) would capture the Allan Cup for the first time. By this time, the [[Stanley Cup]], although still technically a challenge cup, had evolved into a World Series-inspired "East vs. West" affair to be contested between the winners of the two professional hockey leagues then in business, the [[Pacific Coast Hockey Association]] based in British Columbia, Washington and Oregon and the [[National Hockey Association]] based in [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]]. Although the PCHA won two of the first three Finals contested under this format, the [[National Hockey League]] came to dominate Stanley Cup play after it replaced the NHA as the premier Eastern competition in 1917.

===Early years===

In 1921, the [[Edmonton Eskimos]] and [[Calgary Tigers]] of the [[Big Four League]] saw their league collapse on allegations of pay for amateurs. Together with the [[Regina Capitals]] and [[Saskatoon Sheiks]] the teams organized the openly-professional Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). The league was organized under the presidency of E. L. Richardson of Calgary, with Wesley Champ of Regina, Robert Pinder of Saskatoon, K. C. MacKenzie of Edmonton, and J. Lloyd Turner of Calgary, becoming the directors. The league, like the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL), played six-man hockey, without the old 'rover' position.<ref>Coleman, pp. 401–402</ref> The new league was recognized as a comparable league to the existing [[Pacific Coast Hockey Association]] (PCHA). The winner of a series between the champions of the two leagues would go on to face the winner of the NHL for the coveted [[Stanley Cup]].

The [[1921–22 WCHL season|WCHL's first season]], 1921–22, saw the Saskatoon Sheiks have money problems and relocate to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, to become the [[Moose Jaw Sheiks]]. The Edmonton Eskimos won the regular season standings, but were upset in the playoffs by the second place Regina Capitals. The Capitals then faced the [[Vancouver Millionaires]] of the PCHA to determine who would go on to face the [[Toronto St. Patricks]] of the NHL for the Stanley Cup. Vancouver won the series against Regina, but lost to Toronto in the Stanley Cup finals.

In the [[1922–23 WCHL season|next season]], the Moose Jaw team folded, but the WCHL returned to Saskatoon with a new franchise, the [[Saskatoon Crescents]], led by Newsy Lalonde. The WCHL and PCHA started playing inter-league games, but kept separate standings. The Edmonton Eskimos won the regular season, but lost to the PCHA's [[Vancouver Maroons]] in the Stanley Cup playoff.

In the [[1923–24 WCHL season]], the Calgary Tigers finished in first place while Edmonton finished at the bottom of the standings. The playoffs were changed this year, too, despite a protest from the [[Montreal Canadiens]] of the NHL. Instead of the two western leagues playing off to see who would play the NHL champion for the Stanley Cup, the president of the PCHA, Frank Patrick, insisted that the NHL champion had to play the PCHA winner first. This change ended up not making any difference for Montreal, as the team swept Vancouver and then Calgary for the Stanley Cup.

For the [[1924–25 WCHL season]], the PCHA folded and two of its teams, the Vancouver Maroons and [[Victoria Cougars]] joined the WCHL, giving the league six teams. The Saskatoon franchise became the [[Saskatoon Sheiks]]. The league had some top-level talent on its rosters, with stars such as Bun Cook and Bill Cook and rookie Eddie Shore. The Victoria Cougars, coached and managed by PCHA founder Lester Patrick, won the league championship and went on to face the Montreal Canadiens for the Stanley Cup. Victoria easily beat the Canadiens three games to one, out scoring them 16 to 8. This would be the shining moment for the WCHL as Victoria became the first non-NHL team to win the Stanley Cup since the formation of the NHL in [[1917–18 NHL season|1917]]. Since then, no non-NHL team has won the Cup. In fact, the next season, [[1925–26 WHL season|1925–26]], would be the last time a team from outside the NHL would even challenge for it.

===Collapse===

Although the WCHL was never particularly stable, the beginning of the end came in 1924 when the NHL first expanded into the United States. With the NHL rapidly expanding, salaries were on the rise and the WCHL was finding it difficult to keep its star players. In 1925, the Regina Capitals relocated to Portland, Oregon, and rekindled the old name of [[Portland Rosebuds]], which had been out of use since 1918. With the move into the U.S. came a name change for the WCHL. "Canada" was dropped and the league was renamed the '''Western Hockey League''' (WHL).

The Edmonton Eskimos won the regular season for the third time in five seasons, but it was the Victoria Cougars who won the league championship and moved on to play for the Stanley Cup. Expectations were high for the defending [[Stanley Cup|Stanley Cup champions]], but Montreal's other NHL team, the [[Montreal Maroons]], were too strong for Victoria handily beating them three games to one and out scoring them 10 to 3.

By the 1925-26 season, WHL teams were openly selling players to their richer NHL rivals to stay afloat. Nevertheless, financial problems were too great to overcome, the NHL board of governors intervened by purchasing the contracts of every player in the WHL for $258,000 and the league formally disbanded. While the remnants of five former WHL teams immediately formed the professional [[Prairie Hockey League]], the western teams had been stripped of their best players while the NHL and the Stanley Cup's trustees regarded the PrHL as a new minor league and not a continuation of the major professional WHL. The new league would contract to just three Saskatchewan-based teams by 1927 and disappear altogether in 1928.

Although rival leagues were not formally barred from challenging for the Cup until 1947, the WHL's collapse left the NHL as the only top-level professional league in North America. In the meantime, the Cup trustees refused to accept challenges from any rival league. In what was the most significant expansion of its early era, the NHL added three teams for its 1926-27 season, all of which survived the Great Depression to form half of the so-called Original Six in later years. Separate deals were made in stocking the new teams. The rights to the Victoria Cougars' players were bought by the Detroit franchise (which would eventually become the [[Detroit Red Wings]]) causing the team to be named the [[Detroit Cougars (NHL)|Detroit Cougars]] in their honor, and the Portland Rosebuds' players' rights were purchased by Frederic McLaughlin for his new [[Chicago Blackhawks|Black Hawks]] team. The [[New York Rangers]] did not come to any similar agreement, but nevertheless were the most dominant team of the three in its early years, winning a [[Stanley Cup]] in only its second season.

== Franchises ==
* [[Calgary Tigers]] (1921–1926) 
* [[Edmonton Eskimos]] (1921–1926)
* [[Regina Capitals]] (1921–1925), [[Portland Rosebuds]] (1925–1926)
* [[Saskatoon Crescents]] (1922–1923), [[Saskatoon Sheiks]] (1923-1926)
* [[Saskatoon Sheiks]] (1921–1922), [[Moose Jaw Sheiks]] (1921–1922)
* [[Vancouver Maroons]] (1924–1926)
* [[Victoria Cougars]] (1924–1926)

==Seasons==
{| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" class="wikitable"
|-
! Season
! Regular season winner
! Playoff champion
|-
|[[1921–22 WCHL season|1921–22]]||Edmonton Eskimos||Regina Capitals
|-
|[[1922–23 WCHL season|1922–23]]||Edmonton Eskimos||Edmonton Eskimos
|-
|[[1923–24 WCHL season|1923–24]]||Calgary Tigers||Calgary Tigers 
|-
|[[1924–25 WCHL season|1924–25]]||Calgary Tigers||Victoria Cougars
|-
|[[1925–26 WHL season|1925–26]]||Edmonton Eskimos||Victoria Cougars
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |title=The Trail of the Stanley Cup, vol. 1, 1893-1926 inc. |author=Coleman, Charles |year=1964 |publisher=National Hockey League}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027094412/http://geocities.com/prosportshistory/westernhockeyhistory.html  WCHL History]
*[http://westernhockeylegends.my100megs.com/ WCHL history, teams and jerseys]
*[http://www.oilersheritage.com/history/early_leagues_WCHL.html]

{{Wikipedia}}

[[Category:Ice hockey leagues]]