Stanley Cup

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The Stanley Cup (French: La Coupe Stanley) is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL) playoff winner. Originally commissioned in 1892 as the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the trophy is named for Lord Stanley of Preston, then–Governor General of Canada, who awarded it to Canada's top-ranking amateur ice hockey club, which the entire Stanley family supported, with the sons and daughters playing and promoting the game.

The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal HC, and subsequent winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games and league play. Professional teams then became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. In 1915, the two professional ice hockey organizations, the National Hockey Association (NHA) and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA), reached a gentlemen's agreement in which their respective champions would face each other annually for the Stanley Cup.

After a series of league mergers and folds, it was established as the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926 and then the de jure NHL championship prize in 1947.

There are actually three Stanley Cups: the original bowl of the "Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup", the authenticated "Presentation Cup", and the "Replica Cup" on display at the Hockey Hall of Fame. The NHL has maintained effective control over both the trophy itself and its associated trademarks. Nevertheless, the NHL does not actually own the trophy, but instead uses it by agreement with the two Trustees of the Cup. The NHL has registered trademarks associated with the name and likeness of the Stanley Cup, although the league's right to outright own trademarks associated with a trophy it does not own has been disputed by some legal experts.[3] The original bowl was made of silver and is 18.5 centimetres (7.28 inches) in height and 29 centimetres (11.42 inches) in diameter. The current Stanley Cup, topped with a copy of the original bowl, is made of a silver and nickel alloy; it has a height of 89.54 centimetres (35.25 inches) and weighs 15.5 kilograms (34.5 lb / 2 st 6½ lb).

Unlike the trophies awarded by the other major professional sports leagues of North America, a new Stanley Cup is not made each year; winners keep it until a new champion is crowned. It is unusual among trophies, in that it has the names of all of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff engraved on its chalice. Initially, a new band added each year caused the trophy to grow in size, earning the nickname "Stovepipe Cup". In 1958 the modern one-piece Cup was designed with a five-band barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band. To prevent the Stanley Cup from growing, when the bottom band is full, the oldest band is removed and preserved in the Hockey Hall of Fame, and a new blank band added to the bottom. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanley's Cup, The Holy Grail, or facetiously (chiefly by sportswriters) as Lord Stanley's Mug. The Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team.

Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 100 times by 18 active NHL teams and five defunct teams. Prior to that, the challenge cup was held by nine different teams. The Montreal Canadiens have won the Cup a record 24 times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win the cup, having won it in 1993. The Stanley Cup was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout.

History

Origins

The Lord Stanley of Preston

After the Lord Stanley of Preston was appointed by Queen Victoria as Governor General of Canada on June 11, 1888, he and his family became highly enthusiastic about ice hockey.[1] Stanley was first exposed to the game at Montreal's 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw the Montreal Victorias play the Montreal Hockey Club.[2] The Montreal Gazette reported that he "expressed his great delight with the game of hockey and the expertise of the players".[1] During that time, organized ice hockey in Canada was still in its infancy and only Montreal and Ottawa had anything resembling leagues.[1]

Stanley's entire family became active in ice hockey. Two of his sons, Arthur and Algernon, formed a new team called the Ottawa Rideau Hall Rebels.[3] Arthur also played a key role in the formation of what later became known as the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA), and would go on to be the founder of ice hockey in Great Britain.[4] Arthur and Algernon persuaded their father to donate a trophy to be "an outward and visible sign of the hockey championship".[3] Stanley sent the following message to the victory celebration held on March 18, 1892, at Ottawa's Russell Hotel for the three-time champion Ottawa Hockey Club:[1][5][6]

I have for some time been thinking that it would be a good thing if there were a challenge cup which should be held from year to year by the champion hockey team in the Dominion [of Canada].

There does not appear to be any such outward sign of a championship at present, and considering the general interest which matches now elicit, and the importance of having the game played fairly and under rules generally recognized, I am willing to give a cup which shall be held from year to year by the winning team.

I am not quite certain that the present regulations governing the arrangement of matches give entire satisfaction, and it would be worth considering whether they could not be arranged so that each team would play once at home and once at the place where their opponents hail from.[5]

Soon afterwards, Stanley purchased what is frequently described as a decorative punch bowl, but which silver expert John Culme identified as a rose bowl,[7] made in Sheffield, England, and sold by London silversmith G. R. Collis and Company (now Boodle and Dunthorne Jewellers), for ten guineas, equal to ten and a half pounds sterling, US$48.67, which is equal to $1,282 in 2015 dollars.[1][8] He had the words "Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup" engraved on one side of the outside rim, and "From Stanley of Preston" on the other side.[9]

Originally, Stanley intended that the Cup should be awarded to the top amateur hockey team in Canada, to be decided by the acceptance of a challenge from another team. He made five preliminary regulations:[1][6]

  1. The winners shall return the Cup in good order when required by the trustees so that it may be handed over to any other team which may win it.
  2. Each winning team, at its own expense, may have the club name and year engraved on a silver ring fitted on the Cup.
  3. The Cup shall remain a challenge cup, and should not become the property of one team, even if won more than once.
  4. The trustees shall maintain absolute authority in all situations or disputes over the winner of the Cup.
  5. If one of the existing trustees resigns or drops out, the remaining trustee shall nominate a substitute.
The first Stanley Cup Champions: The Montreal Hockey Club (affiliated with the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association)

Stanley appointed Sheriff John Sweetland and Philip D. Ross (who would serve in his post an unsurpassed 56 years) as trustees of the Cup. Sweetland and Ross first presented the trophy in 1893 to the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association on behalf of the affiliated Montreal Hockey Club, the champions of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC), since they "defeated all comers during the late season, including the champions of the Ontario Association" (Ottawa).[10] Sweetland and Ross also believed that the AHAC was the top league, and as first-place finishers in the AHAC, Montreal was the best team in Canada.[11] Naturally, the Ottawas were upset by the decision because there had been no challenge games scheduled and because the trustees failed to convey the rules on how the Cup was to be awarded prior to the start of the season.[11]

As a result, the Cup trustees issued more specific rules on how the trophy should be defended and awarded:[12][13]

  • The Cup is automatically awarded to the team that wins the title of the previous Cup champion's league, without the need for any other special extra contest.
  • Challengers for the Cup must be from senior hockey associations, and must have won their league championship. Challengers will be recognized in the order in which their request is received.
  • The challenge games (where the Cup could change leagues) are to be decided either in a one-game affair, a two-game total goals affair, or a best of three series, to the benefit of both teams involved. All matches would take place on the home ice of the champions, although specific dates and times would have to be approved by the trustees.
  • Ticket receipts from the challenge games are to be split equally between both teams.
  • If the two competing clubs cannot agree to a referee, the trustees will appoint one, and the two teams shall cover the expenses equally. If the two competing clubs cannot agree on other officials, the referee will appoint them, and the two clubs shall also pay the expenses equally
  • A league could not challenge for the Cup twice in one season.

Stanley never saw a Stanley Cup championship game, nor did he ever present the Cup. Although his term as Governor General ended in September 1893, he was forced to return to England on July 15. In April of that year, his elder brother Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby died, and Stanley succeeded him as the 16th Earl of Derby.[4]

Challenge Cup era

Main article: List of Stanley Cup Challenge Games.

During the challenge cup period, none of the leagues that played for the trophy had a formal playoff system to decide their respective champions; whichever team finished in first place after the regular season won the league title. However, in 1894, four teams out of the five-team AHAC tied for the championship with records of 5–3–0. The AHAC had no tie-breaking system. After extensive negotiations and Quebec's withdrawal from the championship competition, it was decided that a three-team tournament would take place in Montreal, with the Ottawa team receiving a bye to the Final because they were the only road team. On March 17, in the first ever Stanley Cup playoff game, the Montreal Hockey Club (Montreal HC) defeated the Montreal Victorias, 3–2. Five days later, in the first Stanley Cup Final game, Montreal HC beat the Ottawa Hockey Club 3–1.[14][15]

The first Stanley Cup

In 1895, Queen's University was the first official challenger for the Cup, although it was controversial. The Montreal Victorias had won the league title and thus the Stanley Cup, but the challenge match was between the previous year's champion, Montreal HC, and the university squad. The trustees decided that if the Montreal HC won the challenge match, the Victorias would become the Stanley Cup champions. The Montreal HC won the match 5–1 and their cross-town rivals were crowned the champions.[16] The first successful challenge to the Cup came the next year by the Winnipeg Victorias, the champions of the Manitoba Hockey League. On February 14, 1896, the Winnipeg squad defeated the champions 2–0 and became the first team outside the AHAC to win the Cup.[17]

As the prestige of winning the Cup grew, so did the need to attract top players. Only nine months after winning the Cup, in March 1906, the Montreal Wanderers pushed through a resolution at the annual meeting of the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA) that would allow professional players to play alongside amateurs. Because the ECAHA was the top hockey league in Canada at the time, the Cup trustees agreed to open the challenges to professional teams.[18] The first professional competition came one month later during the Wanderers' two-game, total goals challenge series, which they won 17 goals to 5.[19]

The smallest municipality to produce a Stanley Cup champion team is Kenora, Ontario; the town had a population of about 4,000 when the Kenora Thistles captured the Cup in January 1907.[20] Aided by future Hall of Famers Art Ross and "Bad" Joe Hall, the Thistles defeated the Montreal Wanderers in a two-game, total goals challenge series. The Thistles successfully defended the Cup once, against a team from Brandon, Manitoba. In March 1907, the Wanderers challenged the Thistles to a rematch. Despite an improved lineup, the Thistles lost the Cup to Montreal.

In 1908, the Allan Cup was introduced as the trophy for Canada's amateurs, and the Stanley Cup started to become a symbol of professional hockey supremacy.[18] In that same year, the first all-professional team, the Toronto Trolley Leaguers from the newly created Ontario Professional Hockey League (OPHL), competed for the Cup.[21] One year later, the Montreal HC and the Montreal Victorias, the two remaining amateur teams, left the ECAHA, and the ECAHA dropped "Amateur" from their name to become a professional league.[18] In 1910, the National Hockey Association (NHA) was formed. The NHA soon proved it was the best in Canada, as it kept the Cup for the next four years.[22]

Prior to 1912, challenges could take place at any time, given the appropriate rink conditions, and it was common for teams to defend the Cup numerous times during the year. In 1912, Cup trustees declared that it was only to be defended at the end of the champion team's regular season.[23]

Organized interleague competition

In 1914, the Victoria Aristocrats from the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) challenged the NHA and Cup champion Toronto Blueshirts. A controversy erupted when a letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, as they did not consider Victoria a proper challenger because they had not formally notified the trustees.[24] However, on March 18, Trustee William Foran stated that it was a misunderstanding. PCHA president Frank Patrick had not filed a challenge, because he had expected Emmett Quinn of the NHA to make all of the arrangements in his role as hockey commissioner, whereas the trustees thought they were being deliberately ignored. In any case, all arrangements had been ironed out and the Victoria challenge was accepted.[25][26]

Several days later, trustee Foran wrote to NHA president Quinn that the trustees are "perfectly satisfied to allow the representatives of the three pro leagues (NHA, PCHA, and Maritime) to make all arrangements each season as to the series of matches to be played for the Cup."[27] One year later, the NHA and the PCHA concluded a gentlemen's agreement in which their respective champions would face each other for the Cup. Under the new proposal, the Stanley Cup Final series alternated between the East and the West each year, with alternating games played according to NHA and PCHA rules.[28] The PCHA's Vancouver Millionaires won the 1915 series three games to none in a best-of-five series.[29]

After the Portland Rosebuds, an American-based team, joined the PCHA in 1914, the trustees issued a statement that the Cup was no longer for the best team in Canada, but now for the best team in the world.[28] Two years later, the Rosebuds became the first American team to play in the Stanley Cup Final.[30] In 1917, the Seattle Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Cup.[31] After that season, the NHA dissolved, and the National Hockey League (NHL) took its place.[28]

In 1919, the Spanish influenza epidemic forced the Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans to cancel their series, marking the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded.[32] The series was tied at 2–2–1, but the final game was never played because Montreal Manager George Kennedy and players Joe Hall, Billy Coutu, Jack McDonald, and Newsy Lalonde were hospitalized with influenza. Hall died four days after the cancelled game, and the series was abandoned.[33]

The format for the Stanley Cup Final changed in 1922, with the creation of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). Three leagues competed for the Cup: two league champions faced each other for the right to challenge the third champion in the final series.[34] This lasted three seasons as the PCHA and the WCHL later merged to form the Western Hockey League (WHL) in 1925.[35] After winning in the 1924–25 season, the Victoria Cougars became the last team outside the NHL to win the Stanley Cup.[36]

NHL takes over

After winning the Cup, players traditionally skate around holding the trophy above their heads, as Pavel Datsyuk of the Detroit Red Wings does here when that team captured their 11th cup in 2008

The WHL folded in 1926, leaving the NHL as the only league left competing for the Cup. Other leagues and clubs occasionally issued challenges, but from that year forward, no non-NHL team has played for it, leading it to become the de facto championship trophy of the NHL.[35][37] In 1947, the NHL reached an agreement with trustees P.D. Ross and Cooper Smeaton to grant control of the Cup to the NHL, allowing the league to reject challenges from other leagues that may have wished to play for the Cup.[37][38][39]

  1. The Trustees hereby delegate to the League full authority to determine and amend from time to time the conditions for competition of the Stanley Cup, including the qualifications of challengers, the appointment of officials, the apportionment and distribution of all gate receipts, provided always that the winners of this trophy shall be the acknowledged World's Professional Hockey Champions.
  2. The Trustees agree that during the currency of this agreement they will not acknowledge or accept any challenge for the Stanley Cup unless such a challenge is in conformity with the condition specified in paragraph one (1) thereof.
  3. The League undertakes the responsibility for the care and safe custody of the Stanley Cup including all necessary repairs and alterations to the cup and sub-structure as may be required from time to time, and further undertakes to insure the Stanley Cup for its full insurable value.
  4. The League hereby acknowledges itself to be bound to the Trustees in the sum of One Thousand Dollars, which bond is conditioned upon the safe return of the Stanley Cup to the Trustees in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, and it is agreed that the League shall have the right to return the trophy to the Trustees at any time.
  5. This agreement shall remain in force so long as the League continues to be the world's leading professional hockey league as determined by its playing caliber, and in the event of dissolution or other termination of the National Hockey League, the Stanley Cup shall revert to the custody of the trustees.
  6. In the event of default in the appointment of a new trustee by the surviving trustee, the "Trustees" hereby delegate and appoint the Governors of the International Hockey Hall of Fame in Kingston, Ontario, to name two Canadian trustees to carry on under the terms of the original trust, and in conformity with this Agreement.
  7. And it is further mutually agreed that any disputes arising as to the interpretation of this Agreement or the facts upon which such interpretation is made, shall be settled by an Arbitration Board of three, one member to be appointed by each of the parties, and the third to be selected by the two appointees. The decision of the Arbitration Board shall be final.[13]

This agreement was amended on November 22, 1961, substituting the Governors of the International Hockey Hall of Fame in Kingston, Ontario with the Committee of the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto, Ontario as the group that would name the two Canadian trustees, if need be. In the 1970s, the World Hockey Association sought to challenge for the Cup – the Trustees denied them the opportunity to do so. However, notwithstanding the aforementioned legal obligation, the NHL quietly discontinued calling its champions the "world champions" during this time, largely in order to avoid having its champion incur at least a moral obligation to play the WHA champion.

The Cup was awarded every year until 2005, when a labour dispute between the NHL's owners and the NHL Players Association (the union that represents the players) led to the cancellation of the 2004–05 season. As a result, no Cup champion was crowned for the first time since the flu pandemic in 1919. The lockout was controversial among many fans, who questioned whether the NHL had exclusive control over the Cup. A website known as freestanley.com (since closed) was launched, asking fans to write to the Cup trustees and urge them to return to the original Challenge Cup format.[40] Adrienne Clarkson, then Governor General of Canada, alternately proposed that the Cup be presented to the top women's hockey team in lieu of the NHL season. This idea was so unpopular that the Clarkson Cup was created instead. Meanwhile, a group in Ontario, also known as the "Wednesday Nighters", filed an application with the Ontario Superior Court, claiming that the Cup trustees had overstepped their bounds in signing the 1947 agreement with the NHL, and therefore must award the trophy regardless of the lockout.[41]

On February 7, 2006, a settlement was reached in which the trophy could be awarded to non-NHL teams should the league not operate for a season. The dispute lasted so long that, by the time it was settled, the NHL had resumed operating for the 2005–06 season, and the Stanley Cup went unclaimed for the 2004–05 season.[39] Furthermore, when another NHL lockout commenced in 2012 the Trustees stated that the 2006 agreement did not oblige them to award the Cup in the event of a lost season, and that they were likely to reject any non-NHL challenges for the Cup in the event the 2012–13 season were cancelled, which it was not.

Champions

Challenge Cup era (1893-1914)

Date Winning team Coach Losing team Playoff format Score Winning goal
March 17, 1893 Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC) Harry Shaw (mgr.) 1893 AHAC champions, no challengers
March 22, 1894 Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC) Harry Shaw (mgr.) Ottawa HC (AHAC) Single-elimination
(1894 AHAC championship playoff) 		3–1 Billy Barlow (9:00, third qtr)
March 8, 1895 Montreal Victorias (AHAC)[A] Mike Grant (capt.) 1895 AHAC Champion
March 9, 1895 Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC)[A] Harry Shaw (mgr.) Queen's University (OHA) Single-elimination 5–1
February 14, 1896 Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Jack Armytage (capt.) Montreal Victorias (AHAC) Single-elimination 2–0 Jack Armytage (10:00, first half)[42][43]
February 29, 1896 Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Jack Armytage (capt.) 1896 MHA champion[44]
December 30, 1896 Montreal Victorias (AHAC) Mike Grant (capt.) Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Single-elimination 6–5 Ernie McLea (28:00, second half)
March 6, 1897 Montreal Victorias (AHAC) Mike Grant (capt.) 1897 AHAC Champion
December 27, 1897 Montreal Victorias (AHAC) Mike Grant (capt.) Ottawa Capitals (CCHA) Single-elimination[B] 15–2
March 5, 1898 Montreal Victorias (AHAC) Frank Richardson-playing 1898 AHAC Champion
February 15–18, 1899 Montreal Victorias (CAHL) Frank Richardson-Playing Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Two-game total goals 5–3 Robert MacDougall (second half)
March 4, 1899 Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL) Barney Dunphy 1899 CAHL Champion
March 14, 1899 Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL) Barney Dunphy Queen's University (OHA) Single-elimination 6–2 Harry Trihey
February 12–15, 1900 Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL) Barney Dunphy Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Best-of-three 2–1 Harry Trihey (second half)
March 7, 1900 Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL) Barney Dunphy Halifax Crescents (MaPHL) Best-of-three 2–0 Joe McKenna
March 10, 1900 Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL) Barney Dunphy 1900 CAHL Champion
January 29–31, 1901 Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Dan Bain (capt.) Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL) Best-of-three 2–0 Dan Bain (4:00, OT)
February 19, 1901 Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Dan Bain (capt.) Winnipeg HC (MHA) Single-elimination
(1901 MHA championship) 		4–3[45]
January 21–23, 1902 Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Dan Bain (capt.) Toronto Wellingtons (OHA) Best-of-three 2–0 Fred Scanlon (9:00, second half)
March 1902 Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Dan Bain (capt.) 1902 MHA Champion
March 13–17, 1902 Montreal HC (CAHL) Clarence McKerrow] Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Best-of-three 2–1 Jack Marshall (first half)
January 29–31,
February 2–4, 1903 		Montreal HC (CAHL) D. Browne Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) Best-of-three 2–1[C] Tom Phillips
March 7–10, 1903 Ottawa HC (CAHL) Alf Smith] Montreal Victorias (CAHL) Two-game total goals
(1903 CAHL championship playoff) 		9–1 Suddy Gilmour (4:34, first half, second game)
March 12–14, 1903 Ottawa HC (CAHL) Alf Smith Rat Portage Thistles (MNWHA) Two-game total goals 10–4 Frank McGee (8:20, first half)
December 30, 1903, January 1–4, 1904 Ottawa HC (CAHL) Alf Smith-playing Winnipeg Rowing Club (MHA) Best-of-three 2–1 Frank McGee (11:00, second half)
February 23–25, 1904 Ottawa HC[D] Alf Smith-playing Toronto Marlboros (OHA) Best-of-three 2–0 Arthur Moore (9:38, first half)
March 2, 1904 Ottawa HC[D] Alf Smith-playing Montreal Wanderers (FAHL) Two-game total goals [E]
March 9–11, 1904 Ottawa HC[D] Alf Smith-playing Brandon Wheat Cities (MNWHA) Best-of-three 2–0 Frank McGee (18:00, first half)
January 13–16, 1905 Ottawa HC (FAHL) Alf Smith-playing Dawson City Nuggets Best-of-three 2–0 Harry Westwick (12:15, first half)
March 3, 1905 Ottawa HC (FAHL) Alf Smith-playing 1905 FAHL Champion
March 7–9–11, 1905 Ottawa HC (FAHL) Alf Smith-playing Rat Portage Thistles (MHL) Best-of-three 2–1 Frank McGee
February 27–28, 1906 Ottawa HC (ECAHA) Alf Smith-playing Queen's University (CIAU) Best-of-three 2–0 Harvey Pulford (10:00, second half)
March 6–8, 1906 Ottawa HC (ECAHA) Alf Smith-playing Smiths Falls Seniors (FAHL) Best-of-three 2–0 Frank McGee (17:45, first half)
March 14–17, 1906 Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA) Cecil Blachford-playing Ottawa HC (ECAHA) Two-game total goals
(1906 ECAHA championship playoff) 		12–10 Lester Patrick
December 27–29, 1906 Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA) Cecil Blachford-playing New Glasgow Cubs (MaHL) Two-game total goals 17–5
January 21–23, 1907 Kenora Thistles (MPHL) James Link Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA) Two-game total goals 12–8 Roxy Beaudro
March 16–18, 1907 Kenora Thistles (MPHL) James Link Brandon Wheat Cities (MPHL) Best-of-three
(1907 MPHL championship) 		2–0 Fred Whitcroft (19:00, first half)[46]
March 23–25, 1907 Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA) Lester Patrick (capt.) Kenora Thistles (MPHL) Two-game total goals 12–8 Ernest "Moose" Johnson
January 9–13, 1908 Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA) Cecil Blachford (capt.) Ottawa Victorias (FAHL) Two-game total goals 22–4 Frank Glass (25:00, first half, first game)[47]
March 7, 1908 Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA) Cecil Blachford (capt.) 1908 ECAHA Champions
March 10–12, 1908 Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA) Cecil Blachford (capt.) Winnipeg Maple Leafs (MPHL) Two-game total goals 20–8
March 14, 1908 Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA) Cecil Blachford (capt.) Toronto (OPHL) Single-elimination 6–4 Ernest "Moose" Johnson
December 28–30, 1908 Montreal Wanderers (ECHA) Cecil Blachford (capt.) Edmonton Hockey Club (APHL]) Two-game total goals 13–10
March 6, 1909 Ottawa HC (ECHA) Pete Green 1909 ECHA champions
January 5–7, 1910 Ottawa HC (CHA) Pete Green] Galt HC (OPHL) Two-game total goals 15–4 Bruce Ridpath (second half)
January 18–20, 1910 Ottawa HC (NHA) Pete Green Edmonton Hockey Club (APHL) Two-game total goals 21–11 Bruce Stuart (23:45, first half)
March 9, 1910 Montreal Wanderers (NHA) Frank Glass (capt.) 1910 NHA Champion
March 12, 1910 Montreal Wanderers (NHA) Frank Glass (capt.) Berlin Dutchmen (OPHL) Single-elimination 7–3 Harry Hyland (22:00, first half)
March 10, 1911 Ottawa HC (NHA) Pete Green 1911 NHA Champions
March 13, 1911 Ottawa HC (NHA) Pete Green Galt HC (OPHL) Single-elimination 7–4 Marty Walsh (5:00, third)
March 16, 1911 Ottawa HC (NHA) Pete Green Port Arthur Lake City
(New Ontario Hockey League) 		Single-elimination 13–4 Marty Walsh (4:30, second)
March 5, 1912 Quebec Bulldogs (NHA) Charles Nollan 1912 NHA Champions
March 11–13, 1912 Quebec Bulldogs (NHA) Charles Nolan Moncton Victorias (MaPHL) Best-of-three 2–0 Joe Malone (18:00, first)
March 5, 1913 Quebec Bulldogs (NHA) Joe Malone (capt.) 1913 NHA Champions
March 8–10, 1913 Quebec Bulldogs (NHA) Joe Malone (capt.) Sydney Millionaires (MaPHL) Two-game total goals 20–5
March 7–11, 1914 Toronto Hockey Club (NHA) Scotty Davidson (capt.) Montreal Canadiens (NHA) Two-game total goals
(1914 NHA championship playoff) 		6–2 Scotty Davidson (2:00, third)
March 14–17–19, 1914 Toronto Hockey Club (NHA) Scotty Davidson (capt.) Victoria Aristocrats (PCHA) Best-of-five 3–0 [F] Harry Cameron (6:00, third)
Notes

^ A. Although the Montreal Victorias won the AHAC title in 1895, the Stanley Cup trustees had already accepted a challenge from the 1894 Cup champion Montreal HC and Queen's University. As a compromise, the trustees decided that if the Montreal HC won the challenge match, the Victorias would become the Stanley Cup champions. The Montreals eventually won the game, 5–1, and their crosstown rivals were awarded the Cup.

^ B. Intended to be a best-of-three series, Ottawa Capitals withdrew their challenge after the first game.

^ C. The January 31 (a Saturday) game was tied 2–2 at midnight and the Mayor of Westmount refused to allow play to continue on the Sunday. The game was played on February 2 (a Monday) and the January 31 game was considered to be void.[48]

^ D. For most of 1904, the Ottawa Senators were not affiliated with any league.

^ E. The Montreal Wanderers were disqualified as the result of a dispute. After game one ended tied at the end of regulation, 5–5, the Wanderers refused to play overtime with the current referee, and then subsequently refused to play the next game of the series in Ottawa.

^ F. During the series, it was revealed that the Victoria club had not filed a formal challenge. A letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, stating that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, as they did not consider Victoria a proper challenger because they had not formally notified the trustees.[49] However, on March 18, Trustee William Foran stated that it was a misunderstanding. PCHA president Frank Patrick had not filed a challenge, because he had expected Emmett Quinn, president of the NHA to make all of the arrangements in his role as hockey commissioner, whereas the trustees thought they were being deliberately ignored. In any case, all arrangements had been ironed out and the Victoria challenge was accepted.[50][51]

NHA/NHL vs. PCHA/WCHL/WHL champions (1915–1926)

Year Winning team Coach Losing team Coach Games Winning goal
1915 Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (1, 1–0) Frank Patrick-playing Ottawa Senators (NHA) (1, 0–1) Frank Shaughnessy (mgr.) 3–0 Barney Stanley (5:30, second)
1916 Montreal Canadiens (NHA) (1, 1–0) Newsy Lalonde-playing Portland Rosebuds (PCHA) (1, 0–1) Edward Savage (mgr.) 3–2 George Prodgers (17:20, third)
1917 Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) (1, 1–0) Pete Muldoon Montreal Canadiens (NHA) (2, 1–1) Newsy Lalonde-playing 3–1 Bernie Morris (7:55, first)
1918 Toronto Arenas[52] (NHL) (1, 1–0) Dick Carroll Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (2, 1–1) Frank Patrick-playing 3–2 Corb Denneny (10:30, third)
1919 Montreal Canadiens (NHL) vs. Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) – Series cancelled after the fifth game because of the flu epidemic – Stanley Cup not awarded
1920 Ottawa Senators (NHL) (2, 1–1) Pete Green Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) (3, 1–1) Pete Muldoon 3–2 Jack Darragh (5:00, third)
1921 Ottawa Senators (NHL) (3, 2–1) Pete Green Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (3, 1–2) Frank Patrick-playing 3–2 Jack Darragh (9:40, second)
1922 Toronto St. Pats (NHL) (2, 2–0) George O'Donoghue Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (4, 1–3) Frank Patrick-playing 3–2 Babe Dye (4:20, first)
1923 Ottawa Senators (NHL) (4, 3–1) Pete Green Edmonton Eskimos (WCHL) (1, 0–1) Ken McKenzine 2–0 Punch Broadbent (11:23, first)
1924 Montreal Canadiens (NHL) (4, 2–1) Léo Dandurand Calgary Tigers (WCHL) (1, 0–1) Eddie Oatman-playing 2–0 Howie Morenz (4:55, first)
1925 Victoria Cougars (WCHL) (1, 1–0) Lester Patrick Montreal Canadiens (NHL) (5, 2–2) Léo Dandurand 3–1 Gizzy Hart (2:35, second)
1926 Montreal Maroons (NHL) (1, 1–0) Eddie Gerard Victoria Cougars (WHL) (2, 1–1) Lester Patrick 3–1 Nels Stewart (2:50, second)

NHL champions (since 1927)

Year Winner League Runner-up League Series
1927 Ottawa Senators NHL Boston Bruins NHL 2-2-0
1928 New York Rangers NHL Montreal Maroons NHL 3-2
1929 Boston Bruins NHL New York Rangers NHL 2-0
1930 Montreal Canadiens NHL Boston Bruins NHL 2-0
1931 Montreal Canadiens NHL Chicago Blackhawks NHL 3-2
1932 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL New York Rangers NHL 3-0
1933 New York Rangers NHL Toronto Maple Leafs NHL 3-1
1934 Chicago Blackhawks NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 3-1
1935 Montreal Maroons NHL Toronto Maple Leafs NHL 3-0
1936 Detroit Red Wings NHL Toronto Maple Leafs NHL 3-1
1937 Detroit Red Wings NHL New York Rangers NHL 3-2
1938 Chicago Blackhawks NHL Toronto Maple Leafs NHL 3-1
1939 Boston Bruins NHL Toronto Maple Leafs NHL 4-1
1940 New York Rangers NHL Toronto Maple Leafs NHL 4-2
1941 Boston Bruins NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-0
1942 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-3
1943 Detroit Red Wings NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-0
1944 Montreal Canadiens NHL Chicago Blackhawks NHL 4-0
1945 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-3
1946 Montreal Canadiens NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-1
1947 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Montreal Canadiens NHL 4-2
1948 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-0
1949 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-0
1950 Detroit Red Wings NHL New York Rangers NHL 4-3
1951 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Montreal Canadiens NHL 4-1
1952 Detroit Red Wings NHL Montreal Canadiens NHL 4-0
1953 Montreal Canadiens NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-1
1954 Detroit Red Wings NHL Montreal Canadiens NHL 4-3
1955 Detroit Red Wings NHL Montreal Canadiens NHL 4-3
1956 Montreal Canadiens NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-1
1957 Montreal Canadiens NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-1
1958 Montreal Canadiens NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-2
1959 Montreal Canadiens NHL Toronto Maple Leafs NHL 4-1
1960 Montreal Canadiens NHL Toronto Maple Leafs NHL 4-0
1961 Chicago Blackhawks NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-2
1962 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Chicago Blackhawks NHL 4-2
1963 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-1
1964 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-3
1965 Montreal Canadiens NHL Chicago Blackhawks NHL 4-3
1966 Montreal Canadiens NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-2
1967 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Montreal Canadiens NHL 4-2
1968 Montreal Canadiens NHL St. Louis Blues NHL 4-0
1969 Montreal Canadiens NHL St. Louis Blues NHL 4-0
1970 Boston Bruins NHL St. Louis Blues NHL 4-0
1971 Montreal Canadiens NHL Chicago Blackhawks NHL 4-3
1972 Boston Bruins NHL New York Rangers NHL 4-2
1973 Montreal Canadiens NHL Chicago Blackhawks NHL 4-2
1974 Philadelphia Flyers NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-2
1975 Philadelphia Flyers NHL Buffalo Sabres NHL 4-2
1976 Montreal Canadiens NHL Philadelphia Flyers NHL 4-0
1977 Montreal Canadiens NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-0
1978 Montreal Canadiens NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-2
1979 Montreal Canadiens NHL New York Rangers NHL 4-1
1980 New York Islanders NHL Philadelphia Flyers NHL 4-2
1981 New York Islanders NHL Minnesota North Stars NHL 4-1
1982 New York Islanders NHL Vancouver Canucks NHL 4-0
1983 New York Islanders NHL Edmonton Oilers NHL 4-0
1984 Edmonton Oilers NHL New York Islanders NHL 4-1
1985 Edmonton Oilers NHL Philadelphia Flyers NHL 4-1
1986 Montreal Canadiens NHL Calgary Flames NHL 4-1
1987 Edmonton Oilers NHL Philadelphia Flyers NHL 4-3
1988 Edmonton Oilers NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-0
1989 Calgary Flames NHL Montreal Canadiens NHL 4-2
1990 Edmonton Oilers NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-1
1991 Pittsburgh Penguins NHL Minnesota North Stars NHL 4-2
1992 Pittsburgh Penguins NHL Chicago Blackhawks NHL 4-0
1993 Montreal Canadiens NHL Los Angeles Kings NHL 4-1
1994 New York Rangers NHL Vancouver Canucks NHL 4-3
1995 New Jersey Devils NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-0
1996 Colorado Avalanche NHL Florida Panthers NHL 4-0
1997 Detroit Red Wings NHL Philadelphia Flyers NHL 4-0
1998 Detroit Red Wings NHL Washington Capitals NHL 4-0
1999 Dallas Stars NHL Buffalo Sabres NHL 4-2
2000 New Jersey Devils NHL Dallas Stars NHL 4-2
2001 Colorado Avalanche NHL New Jersey Devils NHL 4-3
2002 Detroit Red Wings NHL Carolina Hurricanes NHL 4-1
2003 New Jersey Devils NHL Anaheim Mighty Ducks NHL 4-3
2004 Tampa Bay Lightning NHL Calgary Flames NHL 4-3
2005
Not awarded due to the lockout
2006 Carolina Hurricanes NHL Edmonton Oilers NHL 4-3
2007 Anaheim Ducks NHL Ottawa Senators NHL 4-1
2008 Detroit Red Wings NHL Pittsburgh Penguins NHL 4-2
2009 Pittsburgh Penguins NHL Detroit Red Wings NHL 4-3
2010 Chicago Blackhawks NHL Philadelphia Flyers NHL 4-2
2011 Boston Bruins NHL Vancouver Canucks NHL 4-3
2012 Los Angeles Kings NHL New Jersey Devils NHL 4-2
2013 Chicago Blackhawks NHL Boston Bruins NHL 4-2
2014 Los Angeles Kings NHL New York Rangers NHL 4-1
2015 Chicago Blackhawks NHL Tampa Bay Lightning NHL 4-2

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Podnieks 2004, p. 3.
  2. ↑ "Hockey Hall of Fame: Stanley Cup Journals 01". http://www.hhof.com/htmlstcjournal/exSCJ07_01.shtml. Retrieved May 13, 2008. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Diamond 1992, p. 10.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, p. 11.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Ottawa Journal article of dinner at Backcheck web site". Library and Archives Canada. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/hockey/024002-119.01-e.php?&hockey_id_nbr=6&&PHPSESSID=rq9jcm5ucr4uim576lt6808ik4. Retrieved November 3, 2007. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "The Stanley Cup". NHL. http://www.nhl.com/cup/cup.html. Retrieved July 11, 2006. 
  7. ↑ Potter, Mitch. "Cup runneth over with cousins", Toronto Star, May 24, 2008. Retrieved on June 10, 2015. 
  8. ↑ "Unraveling the mystery of Stanley". NHL. http://www.nhl.com/cup/cupearly.html. Retrieved July 11, 2006. 
  9. ↑ Zweig 2012, p. 15.
  10. ↑ Diamond 1992, p. 14.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Podnieks 2004, p. 4.
  12. ↑ Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, pp. 17–18.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Podnieks 2004, p. 5.
  14. ↑ Podnieks 2004, p. 20.
  15. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Montreal AAA 1893–94". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930080711/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=STC&year=1893-94. Retrieved July 11, 2006. 
  16. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Montreal Victorias 1894–95". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080307224825/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=STC&year=1894-95. Retrieved July 11, 2006. 
  17. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Winnipeg Victorias 1895–96Feb". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930080341/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=STC&year=1895-96Feb. Retrieved July 11, 2006. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, p. 19.
  19. ↑ Podnieks 2004, p. 37.
  20. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Kenora Thistles 1906–07Jan". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on November 23, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20051123215217/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=STC&year=1906-07Jan. Retrieved July 24, 2006. 
  21. ↑ Diamond 1992, p. 38.
  22. ↑ Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, p. 24.
  23. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Quebec Bulldogs 1911–12". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080610202322/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=STC&year=1911-12. Retrieved July 11, 2006. 
  24. ↑ "Stanley Cup Contest May Not Be for the Mug, After All is Said", Saskatoon Phoenix, March 18, 1914, p. 8. 
  25. ↑ "A Tempest In a Teapot", Montreal Daily Mail, March 19, 1914, p. 9. 
  26. ↑ "Stanley Cup Muddle Cleared Up", Toronto Globe and Mail, March 19, 1914. 
  27. ↑ "Three Pro Leagues as to Stanley Cup", Toronto World, March 25, 1914, p. 8. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, p. 20.
  29. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Vancouver Millionaires 1914–15". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on April 9, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060409051041/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=STC&year=1914-15. Retrieved July 11, 2006. 
  30. ↑ Diamond 1992, p. 46.
  31. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Seattle Metropolitans 1916–17". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930080630/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=STC&year=1916-17. Retrieved July 11, 2006. 
  32. ↑ Podnieks 2004, p. 51.
  33. ↑ Diamond 1992, pp. 51–52.
  34. ↑ Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, pp. 20–21.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, p. 21.
  36. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Victoria Cougars 1924–25". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930080728/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=STC&year=1924-25. Retrieved July 11, 2006. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Kreiser, John (March 18, 2013). "Stanley Cup timeline, from 1892 to today". National Hockey League. https://www.nhl.com/news/stanley-cup-timeline-from-1892-to-today/c-660570. Retrieved June 21, 2016. 
  38. ↑ Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, p. 40.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Court:Non-NHL teams could vie for Cup". TSN. February 7, 2006. Archived from the original on December 16, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071216083200/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=153935&hubname=. Retrieved July 15, 2006. 
  40. ↑ "Lockout Reminds Lowe of Gretzky Deal". TSN. February 16, 2005. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070929162525/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=115156&hubname=. Retrieved July 15, 2006. 
  41. ↑ "Amateurs taking NHL to court to play for Cup". ESPN. April 13, 2005. http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id=2036537. Retrieved October 13, 2007. 
  42. ↑ "Champions of the World", February 15, 1896, p. 1. 
  43. ↑ "Winnipeg Men Win", February 15, 1896, p. 7. 
  44. ↑ "After the puck", March 2, 1896, p. 06. 
  45. ↑ "Victorias Always Win", February 20, 1901, p. 10. 
  46. ↑ "Championship Goes To Kenora Thistles", February 19, 1907, p. 6. 
  47. ↑ "Vics Lost First Stanley Cup Game to Wanderers", January 10, 1908, p. 8. 
  48. ↑ Coleman 1964, p. 82.
  49. ↑ "Stanley Cup Contest May Not Be for the Mug, After All is Said", Saskatoon Phoenix, March 18, 1914, p. 8. 
  50. ↑ "A Tempest In a Teapot", Montreal Daily Mail, March 19, 1914, p. 9. 
  51. ↑ "Stanley Cup Muddle Cleared Up", Toronto Globe and Mail, March 19, 1914. 
  52. ↑ See Holzman2002. The Toronto NHL franchise (not using any nickname) was operated by the Toronto Arena Company, but only became a legal entity in the fall of 1918 as the Toronto Arena Hockey Club.

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